The Gladiator

The gladiatorAn essay on The Gladiator based on Sobchacks imaginationualisation of genre word pictures and singers notions of melodrama specifically virtually deterrent example polarization.Ridley Scotts The Gladiator (2000) is ab verboten, Maximus (Russell Crowe) a respected honourable general, loyal to two his emperor and Rome. He leads his troops into passage of arms, and emerges victorious from all of them. The cardinal battle he is unable to win is that he is unable to save his family from macrocosm condemned by the new emperor of Rome, Commodus (Joachim Phoenix). Maximus goes by dint of numerous gladiator battles and in the end comes back to Rome to take revenge on Commodus. Maximus eventually gets a chance at revenge for his family, when he is put option against Commodus in the ring. subsequently a long struggle, he succeeds in killing Commodus, and restores the power of the papistic senate. This Hollywood photograph is a genuine type of a receptive melodra ma and, as such, it illustrates galore(postnominal) of Singers notions of melodrama. This film is also a good example of an adventure film or swashbuckler and as such illustrates healthy Sobchacks conceptualisation of genre movies.According to Singer, melodrama as it generally is used at present refers to a set of subgenres that remain close to the heart and hearth and mark a register of heightened emotionalism and senti handstality (page127). In otherwise words, Singer defines melodrama several main concepts senseless, situation, moral polarization, non-classical narrative structure, cartroados and finally sensationalism. overplus is the element perhaps most often associated with melodrama fit in to Singer, its a veritable overwrought or exaggerated quality. But also portrays emotional purposeless in the villains expressions of hatred, envy, jealousy, spite, or malice. For example, Maximus symbolizes all admirable qualities, and has a heart of gold. He is, however, oppos ed by the jealousy, obsessive and power-hungry Commodus who abuses his position of authority, as Caesar. This being state the facial expressioning audience sympathy goes towards Maximus. On the other evanesce we relish contrary from the emperor Commodus since we odor anger and hatred towards him. Melodrama also activates various kinds of excess in the spectators visceral responses. A good Hollywood melodrama is one that makes you cry, or one that arouses strong sentiment, particularly powerful feelings. bureau is another concept which merits consideration as a core feature of melodrama. Situation is a rather difficult to narrow down, but it could be defined as a striking and exciting incident that turnarily arrests narrative military achievement while the pillow slips encounter a powerful new circumstance and the earshot relishes the heightened dramatic tension.(p128) In other words we ar presented with a situation often entails a starting reversal or turn away of eve nts that creates a dramatic impasse, a momentary paralysis stemming from a tie-up. Situation involves a considerable amount of suspense Suspense about how the impasse will be broken. Illustrations of such suspense can be all about how the hero will win a fight or how the good guy will escape from captivity. An example of a cul de sac in the movie is noticed when Maximus had just killed Commodus and then just stands altogether dreaming of opening the gates of heaven without any noise being heard. The deadlock is later on broken when Quintus had repeated Maximuss name twice, in identify to get him out of his dreams and Maximus replies with release my men.What brings most viewers to watch movies like The Gladiator is one of its themes of hero vs. villain or good guy vs. bad guy , which according to Singer is called moral polarization. This aspect of melodrama, where the aspect of good vs. offensive is used, expresses a realistic put up on the viewer. Maximus is a character to be that of a common man, one who had the virtues of wisdom, justice, fortitude and temperance. But on the other side we have Commodus a man full of hatred because of his fathers choice of the next ruler. He has no merci and will kill all those who come in his path to glory. plenty enjoy watching and experiencing the, thrill, adventures, violence, love, gore etc of the constant action and suspense that plays end-to-end the movie. This is called Sensationalism. It is used by making ordinary heap live through with(predicate) extraordinary things (played out by actors). This causes the viewers personal emotions to awaken with profound feelings of pathos.. A situation in the movie when we see how good vs. evil always finish is when the camera is on Maximuss face as he tells Quintus release my men, this phrase shows that that the evil is being killed and the good is being released and by doing this Rome could now flourish.According to Sobchack, genre film is a film which belongs to a particular group of films that argon extremely akin in their subject matter. The Gladiator is defined to be a melodrama which according to Sobchak, even though we know that the protagonist will triumph in the end or that a satisfactory solution will be found to the central conflict, we also know that the dangers which threaten the protagonist are life-and- oddment matters. (192)Sobchack defines genre film in terms of the concepts of formula and iconography. formulation is when The basic conflict of the myth is familiar, and we know from past viewing experiences no(prenominal) or less how the story will be resolved. In other words, the usual happenings of a plot, like the conflict between good and evil, always end ups by having the good triumph. Most of the time, the hero is condition somewhat sort of power. With which he is designated to take on the mission of redemptive the ships company and bring back peace. In the movie the power which better(p) suits Maximus is the loy alty which Maximus has. This loyalty appears many times throughout the movie and becomes evident, since apiece of his fellow gladiators, as well as his masters, is willing to die for him.Iconography refers to authoritative costumes, objects, landscapes and performers to signify by their carriage elements of plot yet to come This subject matter that when a viewer sees those icons, they immediately associate a theme or plot direction for the narrative. Colors, lights and costumes were frequently used. We see a clear tradition of light in the Gladiator when towards the end the light is directly aimed at Maximus and Commodus while all the other characters are in the dark, making these two main characters the premier plan of the movie.For the color, we see Commodus dressed all in white in order to represent himself as being pure good and the rightful emperor that Rome needs to control eitherthing, At the very end of the movie, before the final battle, we see Maximus a striver in w hite, and who is differently dressed compared to the other slave, whom they on the other hand are dressed in dark colour to keep them disjointed from this specific slave.The kinds of shots were very present carefully done throughout the movie. The shots are here to make the viewers feel either they are the character or the people around the main character. For example, after the war with the German tribe, Maximus converses with Marcus Aurelius, the camera is focused on Marcus, which in turn makes us feel like we are Maximus himself. Through these camera shots we are able to feel these emotions, of being confused and not really comfortable with the offer.The theatrical genre of melodrama uses theme-music to control the spectators emotional response and to represent character types. In other words, the suspense music is used throughout the film in order to heighten the tension of the film and to keep the viewers at the touch of their seats. A movie soundtrack is used to praise the s tory being told on the screenIn fact, Gladiator in essence had very fine to do with gladiators. It dealt with the tragic changing of power, deceit, and old alliances. Bringing up a so called SWASHBUCKLER as would Sobchack say. Who struggles against decadence in the Roman society and his efforts to give Rome back to the people while at the analogous time revenging his murdered family.Movies like The Gladiator are usuallyThe Gladiator portrayed an adventure, being filled with blood, action and getaways with suspenseful plots. This movie in the first place focuses on leadership, drama and politics. Its a tale of betrayal, bravery and survival. As express earlier Maximus is trying to get back to Rome to get his liberty and revenge on Marcus Aurelius. This relates to Singers notion of melodrama because the movie is able to accomplish some sort of relationship with a vast audience and have many people relate and sympathize with Maximus. Singer mentions that melodrama is a distorted v iew on reality, where impossible situations occur constantly one after the other but with the realist effect.Excess is present during the battles of Maximus and Tigris of Graul. In this characterisation we are drawn into the action completely as if we were observers in the Coliseum itself. The constant roar of the multitudes and their exhort for death capture your ears and keep the adrenaline rushing you become a Roman and are cheering for death yourself. Every clash of swords, every bang of metal on metal, and every cut, slash, puncture, punch and kick are all felt by the devastating realism of sound and camera angles. An awesome aspect of this scene is the fading in and out of the crowd while the fight surges. A favorite of mine, which caught my full attention, was the chains of the tigers running game through the rings, symbolizing danger, as they were the only distinct sounds. The music draws you into the scene with its constant growth of intensity besides music, we see exagg eration in how the villain Commodus is very jealous of Maximus. Throughout the movie all battles in which Maximus takes place, bring up the notion of sensationalism since the viewers are evoke to watch Maximus fight and triumph over his enemies. Finally, when Commodus is killed, there is a moment of suspense where everyone is wondering what will happen next this is a deadlock coming from the notion of situation Now looking at the movie from Sobchaks point of view, we could see a presence of a melodrama genre. Since the hero, is going through obstacles which he cant always find himself victorious. These obstacles are gladiator battles which put Maximus life in danger, but also death situations through time. The formula used in this movie is that the viewers know from the very radical of the movie that Maximus will be able to pass over everything and anything which stands in his path to revenge. Sobchaks formal aspects, as defined earlier, are the colors, lights and costumes. A goo d scene, where the presence of all these aspects are found is when, Maximus is tied up and gazing upwards towards the heavens. This shows us that he has finally reached his goal and destination, which is to avenge his family and join them in the afterlife. Gracchus then comments, who will help me carry him, and many people step ship and an almost royal procession is made as he is carried out the arena. Commodus can be seen in the corner of the aerial shot in his robes ignored and forgotten. This again symbolizes that the evil has gone and the good prevails.Singer and Sobchack both(prenominal) offer conceptualization of genre melodrama. Both accounts are relevant for the movie The Gladiator. This Ridley Scotts realization brings out the deep thought about greatness, principle, life and death through a great story about a honest but encompassing idea of a good stack, a imagery of freedom the general who became a slave, the slave who became a gladiator, and the gladiator who defie d the emperor. The story shows us what greatness means. That greatness is being true to your word, being genuine to yourself and doing a noble and generous deed. It is not about being blue or being poor nor being a king or slave it is something in the character of the individual. No matter who or what he is. Maximus proves his worth as being a good man by being true to his promise to King Marcus Aurelious. The idea also shows us about freedom. That it can be won by staying together for a good cause and having true friends. Working together for a vision to attain a goal despite dangers. Greatness is an act that teaches men wisdom, wisdom to have strength and honor to the extent of risking ones life. Maximus adventures appear to be in everyones everyday life. People might not be struggle in the same way but at the end of the day, people always find themselves in their own battles throughout their lives which they must overcome in order to succeed.

Behavioral And Emotional Disorders Education Essay

behavioural And Emotional Disorders Education Essay appearanceal/emotional perturbs represent the bounteous category, used in educational settings among the children and adolescents with difficulties. As a fact, the observed port of children whitethorn depend on many factors. Emotional disturbance is a diagnostic category that let ins various forms of inadequate emotional reactions (emotional numbness, unreasonable fears, wrong euphoria, etc..), the unfitness of emotional self- go over (uncontrolled invasion of anger, weeping, cheerfulness, etc..), and chronic pathological changes in emotional behavior (Livingst matchless and Rosen, 1991). The examples of behavioral/emotional distempersinclude such disabilities PDD,autism,Rett syndrome,PDD-NOS,Asperger syndromeandADHD. As a fact, it has been proved that children with special educational unavoidably, who studied in the mainstream schools, birth shown much advance expirys in adopting and development (Lehmkuhle and Garzia, 199 3). These indicators atomic number 18 the some important. The educational process shows, that when children with some special educational needs study in the mainstream schools, they forget nigh their problems or defects and they consider themselves as every unmatched else. It is the look it should be. The chairs film shown, that the mainstream schools butt end do miracles for some children who rump get better while communication with other(a) children, getting new friends and new champion in studying (Howell and Stanley,1988). Childrens emotions and behavior, as a rule, hide more monstrous problems that can be overcome in conversation and in the mainstream schools. The protrude where thither atomic number 18 a lot of children, a child with a wellness problem go out not consider himself such, as the learn of the teachers to give proper knowledge and educate children. Consequently, children who argon not curb in their actions and studying usu every(prenominal)y recu perate faster and have a considerable progress combating their health problems (Arnot, 2010).Communication disorder includes the spoken language and language disorders, which, as a rule, refer to the problems in dialogue among children. Communication disorder can range from simple sound substitution to the complete in capacity to understand and use the language. For example, such problems as dyslexia the selective impaired capacity to master breeding and writing sk untowards, while maintaining the overall competency to learn, can be overcome by bearing children with these problems study in the mainstream schools and there can be a great and unexpected benefit to their health. Children with special educational needs have to live among other people, communicate with them and to have a normal and happy life. As a fact, dyslexia is a specific quality of impairment of culture, having a neurological nature.It is characterized by the inability to quickly and accurately recogniz e words, to decode, learn the skills of spell (Bailet, 2010).These difficulties atomic number 18 associated with defective phonological components of language.They exist, contempt the preservation of other cognitive abilities and complete encyclopedism environment.A randomness violation occurs in comprehension, lack of readers experience and verbiage.Typically, problems in speech conjugation and expression argon detected in the period when the kids learns new sounds or to begin to express their thoughts.The severity of the disease can vary greatly.For example, in archean childhood, mild forms of phonological disorders ar relatively common, they are suffered by about 10% of children.Many of them get rid of such problems, and from hexad or seven years only 2-3% of children to their problems meet the criteria of phonological disorders.Similarly, communicative speech disorder (affecting 2-3%) and mixed expressive-receptive disorder (affecting less than 3%) two are relatively common for school-age children.Fortunately, in the middle and late adolescence just about children with the disorder of speech development are starting to have a normal speech.About half(prenominal) of them completely got rid of problems, whereas the other half showed square improvement, but may still remain some score of impairment to late adolescence.In contrast, the type of congenital disorders, course and panorama of the disease for children with acquired type of communication disorder (occurring as a result of brain injury or palsy) depends largely on the severity of injuries, of which it is smash of the brain is damaged, and the age of the child in cadence of the injury and the degree of language development at this time.Although over time the problems themselves of the speeches usually mellow out or are reduced in children with a disorder of communication, from an early age, often there are marked negative patterns of behavior (Beitchman and Young, 1997). such beha vioral disorders are as hyperkinetic disorder and attention deficit disorder may exacerbate existing problems of communication, reflected in how children interact with peers and how they cope with learning t entreats.Since teachers are increasingly aware of the importance to give children special needs and the opportunity to interact with normally developed children, the school system began to emplacement children with various problems in common, quite a than isolated classes. Placing developmentally delayed children on with their normal counterparts based on the premise that children with special needs ordain benefit from communicating with normally developed peers and will be spared from the rig of labeling and placement in institutions.The effect of interaction with peers in the kindly firmament reminds of the benefits of environmental factors that influence the course of development of children with special needs (Toppelberg and Shapiro, 2000).developmental disorder as a rule occurs at some degree in achilds development, often retarding the development, which can includepsychologicalor corporeal disorders. As a fact, dyslexia can be related to communication and developmental disorders. Sometimes, children with special educational needs have the lack of communication and understanding. There are many communication challenges, emotional and behavioral disorders, physical disabilities, and developmental disorders that can be cured. Recent research on children with communication disorders has shown that if the process of education in the mainstream schools can servicing these children, then they in spades have to go to the mainstream schools.There are several problems in one way or another, of each person, facing dyslexics. Most common problems are dyslexic delay in developing the ability to read, write, memorize the spelling disorientation in space, disorganization difficulties with the perception of information impediment in recognizing words, fa ilure to understand what has just been read clumsiness or unretentive coordination attention deficit disorder, sometimes accompanied by hyperactivity. All the symptoms of dyslexia are the symptoms of disorientation.It is impossible to recognize dyslexia in itself, but to recognize the disorientation is quite possible.The result of the orientation is an accurate perception of the environment, including a two-word printed on paper.And as a result, the child cannot accept the surrounding reality as sensed her by other people. There are almost no heading methods for determining the characteristics of the brain neglect of the child.Often in the case of low-quality education, for the cordial worker it is more convenient to make a diagnosis of dyslexia, rather than objectively investigate and determine the socio-educational background, which led to difficulties in instruction (Waters, 2001).Dyslexia represents a specific learning difficulty that mainly affects reading and spelling, and it is also characterized by difficulties in processing word-sounds and weaknesses in short-term verbal memory. As a fact, dyslexia is not a result of low intelligence, merely concerned with reading difficulties, the result of poor kernelsight or hearing, the result of an emotional problem, an obstacle to a possible academic career or a bourgeois excuse for poor academic achievement. The main areas tested for dyslexia are opthalmic motor short-term memory, auditory memory and phonological awareness the ability to manipulate sounds within words (Solan and Brannan, 1994).Symptoms of Dyslexia may also include left field/right confusions, trouble generalizing, poor concept of time, mispronunciation of multisyllabic words, difficulties in organizing self/time/work or easily distracted. The possible areas of difficulties are reading learning to decode, using sounds (phonemes), selecting materials, retaining what has been read, keeping up with set reading, spelling interfering wit h write expression and choice of vocabulary, note- winning copying quickly and accurately, distinguishing main points, writing and perceive simultaneously, and writing handwriting, written expression, sentence structure, punctuation, grammar, planning and structuring written work, sequencing ideas, editing and proof-reading. doable areas of difficulty can also be oral language taking in information, misunderstanding instructions or information, sorting what is said in group discussion, word-finding, pronunciation examinations timed anatomys exacerbate reading, writing and spelling problems, abandon of information, achieving marks in line with course work presentations lack of confidence, word-finding problems, pronunciation, reading out loud, losing place, sequencing information, organizing time, easily distracted, clumsy use of equipment. As a fact, there can also occur different problems, connected with dyscalculia- problems in math, visual disturbance, etc. The objectives ar e to swear out the dyslexic learner to build on existing strengths, to develop strategies for lifelong learning, to build confidence and to bring about an understanding of individual differences (Blakeslee, 1991). Towards the equity of access there should be provided help with information processing, help for reading, help with note taking, help with specialized vocabulary and help with assignments. Despite disadvantages that the mainstream schools can represent for children, children with communication and developmental disorders will benefit from communication with classmates and will not pay attention to their health problem (Williamsand LeCluyse, 1992).Another example of developmental disorder is Autism. Autism is a heavy violation of the mental development, which primarily affected the ability to communicate, the social interaction.Behavior of children with autism is also characterized by a rigid stereotype (of repeating the raw material movements such as shaking hands or j umping to analyzable rituals), and often destructive (aggression, self-harm, shouting, negativism, etc.).Level of intellectual development in autism may be the most diverse from severe mental retardation to giftedness in reliable areas of knowledge and art, in some cases, children with autism have no speech, marked abnormalities in motor development, attention, perception, emotional and other areas of the psyche.More than 80% of children with autism are the people with disabilities Exceptional diversity spectrum disorders and their severity can reasonably aim that training and education of children with autism the most challenging section of Correctional precept (Wolk and Giesen, 2010).Physical disorders. As an example of the physical disorder can be named Developmental Co-ordination Disorder. Developmental Co-ordination Disorder is a subtly different train by definition, in practice, and very similar to dyspraxia. Dyspraxia is a lifelong developmental disability and co-ordi nation, which is more common in males than in females, affecting an estimated 8-10% of all children.Ripley, Daines and Barrett say it in developed dyspraxia it is difficult to let his body do what we want and when we want to do it and that these difficulties can be regarded as significant when theyin the range of normal activities are expected of children of a certain age. As a fact, Developmental Co-ordination Disorder has main characteristics, such as common, clumsy children, chronic health condition, co-morbid and consequences. It has been also proved, that Developmental Co-ordination Disorder affects one child in every classroom. Developmental Co-ordination Disorder also has an jar on the family, which consists of the facts that parental concerns often not heard or acknowledged, there is frustration with health care and educational systems, overprotective world as a hostile place, stress regarding daily activities around the home, aggression and objurgation from strangers, em barrassment and relieved once diagnosis any diagnosis is made.The other term clumsy child syndrome refers to the gross and fine motor difficulties of the patient.The condition affects both the ability of action planning and action learning, for example, the storage functions in the brain is for action. The cause of developmental dyspraxia may be a result of immature neurons development.Dyspraxia is often part of a continuum of related coordination and developmental disorders. The Dyspraxia is often associated with other disorders, such as with Aspergers syndrome, autism, dyslexia and dyscalculia.Life experiences of resilient young adults with DCD include coordination difficulties are context-specific, the facts that they can struggle, as children, with issues of social isolation and lack of participation, they repute pull-out therapy and being made to work on handwriting very negatively, social/emotional health and life course can improve when kids enroll good secondary school a nd effective teaching accommodations and support are critical factors. The experience shows, that allowing children visit mainstream schools and to live as normal children without upright health problems, children get more relaxed and able to understand more things. This way, their developmental processes accelerate and they have more desire to study. Communication, as a fact, helps a lot for those who especially need it.The other example is Dyspraxia an impairment of the ability to automatically execute specific movements in the absence of any paralysis or paresis of the muscles involved in movement.The subject must voluntarily control every persons move, which is very expensive care, and makes the coordination of complex movements of everyday life highly difficult, so it is rarely achieved.It is a developmental apraxia of origin. Dyspraxia is a little know disability that concerns, however 3% to 6% of children.Three quarters of children who are suffering from this disability are not diagnosed.Dyspraxia often goes unnoticed because it is invisible.It is sometimes blamed on a mentally retarded or ill will. There are many types of dyspraxia.Possible symptoms are developmental disorders engines slowness, clumsiness, difficulty performing voluntary movements, coordinated (walking, cycling, swimming, ball games, cut his meat, dressing, brushing teeth, ligature shoelaces) dysgraphia difficulty in handwriting and automate the handwriting eye problems (oculomotor) jerks and eye tracking, visual fixation difficulties with reading, following his line to locate a rogue and adopt an exploration strategy of the page speech oral apraxia facial-lingual, speech difficulties speech and language disorders (pseudo-dyslexia driven by dyspraxia), language difficulties writing logical-mathematical problems difficulties to ask operations in columns, to understand the mathematical facts, problems sequences, difficulty in posture itself in time.Consequently, Developmental Co-ordi nation Disorder, dyslexia, communication, physical and developmental disorders can be cured and they have to be cured. Sometimes, it is enough to communicate with a person and to help him, and he will feel better. Community should not avoid communicating with people with some defects or health problems. And as well, there have to be created special policies considering these issues. That is why it is more beneficial for the society to allow the children with certain disorders to visit mainstream schools and to be able recuperate faster. The social issues are considered the most important for people and that is why there have to be conditions for the comfortable living for all people.

Analysis of Sickle Cell Disease

Analysis of reap hook Cell DiseaseSafiullah Barat Melissa ParkerCanada is becoming to a greater extent multicultural as unmarrieds from developing countries argon making Canada their home. As the drift of immigrants in Canada is rising, infirmitys that were uncommon are becoming more prevalent. For instance, disorders much(prenominal) as reap hook electric carrelphoneular telephoneular telephoneular phone affection are increasing in exclusively regions in Canada (Neglected Conditions, 2014). reap hook carrell illness is hereditary disorder that births unsought effects which step-downs an individuals quality of vitality. The purpose of this paper is to psycho dissect the pathophysiology of reap hook cell disease, and to re appear record based practice much(prenominal) as management and prevention measures. To begin, a brief explanation of the search strategy used will be discussed, followed by details on the epidemiology of reaping hook cell disease. Further more, aspects of the disorder will be discussed in the succeeding(a) order hazard factors, clinical manifestations, diagnostic tests, complications, evidence based discourse, and diametrical takes of handicap measures. According to RNAO, knowledge provides the basis for professional practice and, is a central aspect of professionalism (Professionalism in nursing, pg. 28). It is evident that nurses need to critically analyze disorders, such as reaping hook cell disease, in order to put one across and provide competent care.Search StrategyTo help retrieve the more or less up to date, recent and peer reviewed articles, different search strategies aim been used. care for databases such as ProQuest, CINHAL and MEDLINE were used to find the appropriate journal articles. after doing so, search limiters were used to narrow down the search. Peer reviewed, full textbook and published dates set from 2009 to 2014 were selected, as well as the availability of references was let in d. Boolean operators, and and or, were comm totally used furthermore, search term reaping hook cell disease and Boolean phrases including complications, treatment, diagnostic test, pediatric medicine, prevention, etiology, and Canada were combined to narrow the search.Epidemiologyreap hook cell disease is prevalent in areas where malaria is common. This includes area such as the Caribbean, Nigeria, Middle East, Mediterranean, Indian sub-continent, Greek, Turkey, India, Pakistan, Ghana, and further nearly East China (Brown, M. 2012). A study conducted by Lanzkron et al (2013) took a look at mortality rates with individuals who had reap hook cell disease over a time frame of thirty divisions. Over the itinerary of thirty years, 16, 654 reaping hook cell-related deaths had authorise ruby-red with a mortality rate of 0.7% each year (Lanzkron et al, 2013). In Canada, one in every 2500 babies will be born(p) with sickle cell disease, and have a one in foursome chance (25%) of hav ing sickle cell disease. Furthermore, they have a one in two chance (50%) of universe a carrier for sickle cell disease ( sickle Cell Disease standstill of Canada, 2013).Etiology/Risk FactorsSickle cell disease is an inherited autosomal recessive term that causes an deviant formation of hemoglobin. Different types of sickle cell disease includes sickle cell anemia (HbSS), sickle hemoglobin-c disease (HbSC), and sickle cell thalassemia (HbS) ( Brown, M. 2012).However, the most common is sickle cell anemia (Lewis, 2014). This inheritance occurs when both the start and fecundher pass on the defective gene to their claw (Brown, M. 2012). Therefore, being a carrier of the sickle cell trail is a major(ip) risk factor. Individuals have an increased risk of developing sickle cell disease if residing in areas where malaria is endemic. Sickle cell disease puts individuals at risk whose ancestors came from West Africa, southern Italy, northern Greece, South and telephone exchange Amer ica, Middle East, Central India, southeast coast of Turkey and Mediterranean in Sicily (Pack-Mabian, A Haynes, J.r. 2009).clinical ManifestationsAlthough, each individual will flourish different signs and symptoms of sickle cell disease, they all display one similar characteristic when exposed to factors that decrease oxygen, the hemoglobin forms into a sickle-shaped red origin cell which blocks the head for the hills of blood. As a result, clinical manifestations often show anemia, jaundice and voiceless suffering (Addis, G. 2010). Often, patients are asymptomatic except when experiencing a sickling episode (Lewis, 2014).An individual with sickle cell disease may develop anemia overdue to the complete destruction of red blood cells or haemolysis (Addis, G. 2010). Normally, red blood cells live for 120 years in our organic structure just now sickle cells usually die within ten to twenty days (Addis, G. 2010). As a result, the bodys organs are not receiving enough oxygen. The body compensates as it increase heart rate, increase blood pressure to allow the oxygenated hemoglobin to reach the necessary organs. Furthermore, individuals will display signs and symptoms of SNS or fight or flight response. Increase pupil dilation, sweat and tachypnea are evident in patients with sickle cell crisis (Tortora Derrickson, 2012).In addition, the constant quantity breakdown of hemoglobin produces bilirubin, a byproduct of hemoglobin, which toiletnot be processed by the liver. As a result, the bilirubin gets stored in the blood and connective wander which results in yellowing of the eyes and the skin (Addis, G. 2010).However, the most common manifestation individuals with sickle cell disease experience are injure as a result of vaso-occlusive crises, also cognize as sickle cell crisis. pain related to sickle cell disease accounts for ninety percent of infirmary admissions (Musumadi, L. et al. 2012). This is mainly due to episodes of sickling that prevents ox ygenated blood reaching organs, which results in ischaemia and delaying deterioration of tissue and organ function (Musumadi, L. et al., 2012).Diagnostic TestsDiagnostic tests to canvas sickle cell disease involve blood work. Often, individuals who have sickle cell disease are best diagnosed with the use of a peripheral device blood smear test which reveals sickle cells (Lewis, 2014). In addition, sickle hemoglobin tests involve taking red blood cells, and expose them to factors that deoxygenate the blood, and determines if there is hemolysis (Lewis, 2014). Furthermore, a test known as the hemoglobin electrophoresis helps to commemorate sickle cell character between sickle cell disease. It whole works by identifying various types of hemoglobin within a blood exemplar to confirm the diagnosis of sickle cell disease (Randolph Wheelhouse, 2012).Additionally, secondary diagnostic tests could be used to diagnose complications that arise with sickle cell disease. Individuals may r equire a chest x-ray, skeletal x-ray, magnetic resonance tomography (MRI), and a Doppler ultrasound (Lewis, 2014). Skeletal x-rays are used to determine thrum and joint deformities whereas chest x-rays are used to diagnose chest transmission system (pneumonia). MRIs are used to aid in the diagnosis of a injection caused by blocked blood vessels from sickled cells Likewise, a Doppler ultrasound may be used to diagnose deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (Lewis, 2014).Course of the disease and complicationsSickle cell disease causes a wide range of complications that begin at infancy and worsen with age when not controlled. Complications develop when sickling episodes causes vaso-occlusion which leads infarct of body tissues and organs (Lewis et al., 2010), and with increasing age, causes end-organ complications (Miller Meier, 2012). At age 2, children begin to experience dactylitis, pain in small uprises of hands and feet (Miller Meier, 2012). Vaso-occlusive pain involving the back, c hest, abdomen, or extremities carrys to occur throughout the lifespan of an individual with sickle-cell disease (Pack-Mabien, 2009). Furthermore, both pediatrics and adults get wind the difficulty of anemia as it leads to other complications such as bone marrow suppression, renal insufficiency, and splenic or hepatic sequestration (Pack-Mabien, 2009). The infarction of the spleen can begin in infancy and causes another major complication infection. The dysfunction of the spleen and its inability to phagocytize foreign objects can cause major infection in both children and adults and is the leading cause of unwholesomeness and mortality in patients with sickle cell disease (Miller Meier, 2012). Additionally, sickling episodes can modify the pulmonary system in all affected age groups and causes penetrating chest syndrome, a disorder that includes pulmonary complications such as pneumonia, fat embolism, systemic infection, pulmonary infarction, and if not treated, can lead to re spiratory also-ran (Miller Andrew, 2012). Unfortunately, children and adults are also at risk for stroke due to intellectual infarction (Miller Meier, 2012). Other complications include gallstones, kidney failure, priapism or involuntary erection, delayed sexual development, delayed growth, bone necrosis, and leg ulcers (Brown, M. 2012).TreatmentsThe treatment of sickle cell disease involves the reduction of symptoms and complications. Treatment includes pain management involving opioid or non-opioid analgesics, anti-inflammatory drugs, and NSAIDS (Addis, 2010). Also, cognitive behavioural therapy and non-pharmacological approaches can benefit patients with chronic or subacute pain (Addis, 2010). Another treatment includes RBC blood transfusion and is required as an requirement measure or to prevent short or long-term complications. (Addis, 2010). Furthermore, a medication called hydroxyurea is a major advancement in the management of sickle cell disease and is available in Ca nada (Canadian tie-up of Sickle cell). Hydroxyurea increases the level of fetal hemoglobin that results in an overall decrease in circulating sickle cells (metalworker et al., 2011). A clinical study conducted by Smith et al (2011), has proven a decrease in pain durability in patients undergoing hydroxyurea therapy, as well as a decrease in analgesic use and a significantly lower reduction in crisis and mortality. Moreover, multiple studies have shown bone marrow transplant as a potential recover of sickle cell disease however, further studies are needed for this treatment to be recommended as a standard treatment for sickle cell disease (Thompson, 2012).Preventive MeasuresPrimary Preventive MeasuresAlthough genetic risk factors are non-modifiable, there is a preventive measure for sickle cell disease genetic direction. Genetic counselling should be promote in patients with the sickle cell trait especially when planning to have a child. This preventive measure helps patients und erstand and adapt to the implications of genetic contributions to the disease and offers counselling to promote informed choices and adaptation to the risk or condition (Lewis, 2014. p. 787). A 6-year study in Saudi Arabia, a country of naughty prevalence of sickle cell disease, showed a significant decrease in the genetic disease through the use a genetic counselling program as it decreased the number of at-risk marriages (Memish, 2011).Secondary Preventive Measures taproom measures in the secondary level focuses on diagnostic tests and screening for sickle cell disease. neonate screening is the earliest way to detect whether the child has sickle cell disease in time to prevent real complications from occurring (Newborn Screening Ontario, 2013). According to the Newborn Screening Ontario (2013), immature screening can prevent infection and sepsis, growth delay, painful sickle crisis, tissue ischemia and organ damage.Secondary preventive measures also involve previously verbali ze diagnostic testing for complications such MRI for stroke, the use of x-rays for chest infections, and so on Also, pain is a major complication in both adults and pediatrics and should be diagnosed however, it is challenging to detect pain in unresponsive clients such as neonates. Registered Nurses Association of Ontario recommends the use of a validated pain sagacity tool for neonates called Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) due its evidence of reliability and validity. This tool includes components such as facial express, cry, breathing patterns, arms, legs, and maintain of arousal component (Assessment and Management of Pain, 2013).Tertiary Preventive MeasuresTertiary preventive measures involve treatments that aid in regaining patients useable ability and the elimination of the disease. For individuals with sickle cell disease, preventive measures at this level include medical interventions to prevent and control symptoms and complications. For example, interventions are p ain management, hydroxyurea, and transfusion therapies as mentioned earlier. Furthermore, penicillin can be given to children starting at 2 months of age, and vaccinations against pneumococcal infections, flu, meningitis, and hepatitis are important to prevent infections and early death (Addis, 2010). shutdownIn conclusion, sickle cell disease is one that affects the quality of life of affected individuals. The analysis focused on different aspects of sickle cell disease such as the epidemiology in which prevalence is high in areas where Malaria is predominant. Also, due to increasing immigration, the incidence of the disease is increasing in Canada. Furthermore, known risk factors have been identified such as genetic and environmental factors. In addition, the main clinical symptoms with sickle cell disease include pain as well as symptoms of anemia. Furthermore, a variety of tests which include blood work are the determinants of the presence of sickle cell disease. Sickle cell dis ease potentiates of a variety of complications, most commonly vaso-occlusive pain, acute chest syndrome, anemia and other major organ complications. Unfortunately, treatment only aids in controlling the complications and does not provide a cure for the disease. It is evident that the need for further research in stem cell transplant as a potential cure is highly needed. Lastly, genetic counseling, neonatal screening, diagnostic tests, and current evidence based treatment such as pain management, hydroxyuria and transfusion therapy, are all preventive measures of symptoms and complications of the disease. The findings in this analysis are significant for nurses to apply when having encountered a patient with sickle cell disease. Certainly, it is important for nurses to acknowledge the increasing diversity in Canada and to continue competency by constantly seeking new pertinent data to apply to everyday practice.ReferencesAddis, G. (2010). Sickle cell disease, part 1 reason the cond ition. British ledger Of School nurse, 5(5), 231-234.Brown, M. (2012). Managing the acutely ill adult with sickle cell disease.British Journal Of Nursing,21(2), 90-96.Lanzkron, S., Carroll, C., Haywood Jr., C. (2013). Mortality Rates and Age at finish from Sickle Cell Disease U.S., 1979-2005. Public Health Reports, 128(2), 110-116.Lewis, S. M. (2010). Medical-surgical nursing in Canada assessment and management of clinical problems (2nd Canadian ed.). Toronto Mosby Elsevier Canada.Memish, Z., Saeedi, M. (2011). Six-year outcome of the national premarital screening and genetic counseling program for sickle cell disease and beta-thalassemia in Saudi Arabia. Annals Of Saudi Medicine, 31(3), 229-235. doi10.4103/0256-4947.81527Miller, Andrew C., and Mark T. Gladwin. (2012) pulmonic Complications of Sickle Cell Disease.American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine185.11 (2012) 1154-65..Miller, J. L., Meier, E. (2012). Sickle Cell Disease in Children. Drugs, 72(7), 895- 906. doi10.2165/11632890-000000000-00000Musumadi, L., Westerdale, N., Appleby, H. (2012). An overview of the effects of sickle cell disease in adolescents. Nursing Standard, 26(26), 35-40Neglected conditions. (2014). Canadian Medical Association.Journal, 186(6), 452-453.Newborn Screening Ontario. (2013). Newborn screening manual a scout for newborn care providers. Retrieved from http//www.newbornscreening.on.ca/data/1/rec_docs/795_CHO0093-NSM-Web.pdfPack-Mabien, A., Haynes, J. r. (2009). A primary care providers guide to preventive and acute care management of adults and children with sickle cell disease. Journal Of The American Academy Of Nurse Practitioners, 21(5), 250-257. doi10.1111/j.1745-7599.2009.00401.xRandolph, T. R., Wheelhouse, J. (2012). Novel test system (sickle confirm) to differentiate sickle cell anemia from sickle cell trait for potential use in developing countries. Clinical Laboratory Science, 25(1), 26-34.Registered Nurses Association of Ontario. (2013). Nur sing Best Practice Guidelines Assessment and Management of Pain. Retrieved from http//rnao.ca/Registered Nurses Association of Ontario. (2007). Nursing Best Practice Guidelines Professionalism in Nursing. Retrieved from http//rnao.caSickle Cell Disease Association (2013). Reterieved from http//www.sicklecelldisease.ca/Smith, W. R., Ballas, S. K., McCarthy, W. F., Bauserman, R. L., Swerdlow, P. S., Steinberg, M. H., Waclawiw, M. A. (2011). The Association Between Hydroxyurea Treatment and Pain Intensity, Analgesic Use, and Utilization in Ambulatory Sickle Cell Anemia Patients. Pain Medicine, 12(5), 697-705. doi10.1111/j.1526-4637.2011.01096.xTortora, G. J., Derrickson, B. (2012). autonomic nervous system Neurotransmitters and Receptors. Anatomy Physiology Princples of Anatomy. Danvers, MA JOHN WILEY.

Carlos Ghosn’s approach to turning Nissan around

Carlos Ghosns onward motion to grave operate Nissan mostIn order to give a thorough in-depth rating of Carlos Ghosns approach to staveing Nissan around I call for chosen to gift John Kotters 8- stair model to strategic trade implementation (Kotter J. P., 1996) dis contend below. Kotter is regarded as an dominance inwardly the field of organization and change whileagement and I encounter his model helps securing a comprehensive evaluation. The model is usu tout ensembley used as a forward-looking send off for how to handle a change process, scarce I forget apply it as a retrospective analytical tool to review how the process was handled at Nissan.The first triplet touch are ab fall by creating the correctly climate for change and making trustworthyly the organization is ready to make a move ahead. The next three steps are close benignant and enabling the organization to enlist the schema. Without support from a coarse part of the organization, change ex it not be advantageful, but equally important the organization requisites to be equipped to handle such process change. The last two steps are all about implementing and sustaining change. Without focus on these aspects the organization is in venture of regress.The assignment deputes emphasis on organizational and national culture. That is for good reason as I find them central aspects of the challenges Ghosn was facing, when he took oer as the first non-japanese murmur of Nissan. Kotters 8-step model does not focus on culture, but it is implicitly handled in several of the steps most evident in step two and quadruplet. In the conclusion I will sum up the findings in the analysis and explicitly answer the four questions given in the text. 1Establish a sense of urgency2 attain a omnipotent spinal fusion3Create a vision4Communicate the vision5Empower separates6 final cause for and puddle short wins7Consolidate improvements8Institutionalize changes3 P a g e2. EVALUATIO N ANALYSIS2.1 ESTABLISH A brain OF URGENCYIt is an ill wind that blows no good, this was also the case for the Yamaichi bankruptcy. The hap of the major(ip) financial house in Japan helped open the eye of the employees in Nissan. Now the employees realise that lifetime employment was no longish a reality and that they had to do their own part to secure the companys in store(predicate) and thus their own jobs.Ghosn, to his credit, used the Yamaichi example whenever he could to continue to cue his employees, repeating that their fate would be no different if they did not put all of their effort into figuring out, and accordingly executing, the best way to turn Nissan around. (Millikin Dean, 2003)The bankruptcy was indeed a blessing in disguise for Ghosn as it piddled the burning platform that according to Kotter is crucial to do change. Change is constantly accompanied by anxiety for the unfamiliar, but this planet do incontest fit the whole organization was aware that status quo is more(prenominal) dangerous for Nissan and all(prenominal) employee than venturing into the un faren.Kotter believes that around half of the failed change efforts thr adept be traced back to step one. If race do not see why change is necessary, then motivation for change will be nonexistent. Moving a massive organization simply by brute force is an impossible task, but Ghosns strike of luck created a justly neural impulse that diminished authorisation resistance to change.2.2 FORM A POWERFUL COALITIONOne man cannot change a huge company such as Nissan. Ghosn realized this as hale. Even though he had been talking with plant employees and had gained a lot of knowledge about what should be done, he chose not to recruit a revival plan on Nissan. He wanted the employees to practice up with ideas themselves and to lay down a plan for what was to happen. His establishment of the lodge Cross-Functional Teams (CFTs) and their sub-teams created powerful coalitions t hat were essential in bit the company around.These coalitions mainly consisted of warmheartedness managers, but they were empowered because they reported directly to two supervisors from the executive committee, had expert access to all4 P a g enecessary information, and they had the full support from top management. The cross-functional aspect gave the freedom and cleverness to create radical changes without being weighted down by the need for conscientiousness and corporation, which is a general characteristic for most Japanese companies including Nissan. This powerful coalition is, according to Kotter, fundamental for a successful change as Ghosn essential protagonists to influence the whole organization and these protagonists needed to have nice impact to counteract the inherent resistance to change.A powerful coalition is especially important in Japanese culture as convocation harmony is a cornerstone in their work environment. A powerful coalition will have fewer probl ems, relative to a confusable situation in a company in Western culture, converting the objects of opponents as many will act opportunistic and follow the majority or as Ghosn puts itWhen you get a clear strategy and communicate your priorities, its a pleasure working in Japan. The Japanese are so nonionized and know how to make the best of things. They respect leadership. (Millikin Dean, 2003)2.3 CREATE A mintAccording to Ghosn, Nissan had been suffering from management escapeing vision and he pointed this out as one of five main issues that he wanted to address. original creating the Nissan Revival Plan and then formulating Nissan clxxx was an excellent two-step vision, which was guiding, laying a foundation for decision making, and created a bridge from the present to where he wanted to coin the company in the future tense. The vision helped the employees understand why they had to undergo change by showing what was in store in the future. That they had to change thei r attention from regaining market shares to focus on guest charters.Not only was Ghosn precipitously launching the Nissan one hundred eighty program to regeneration out of the Nissan Revival Plan program, but he was also charge button a new, customer-focused initiative called Quality3-3-3. (Millikin Dean, 2003)5 P a g eCreating a vision that is tangible, concise, and easy to relate to for the employees is key when setting out to change an organization. Detailed plans for what needs to be done are at this point not advisable because they do not create the often needed excitement and enthusiasm, which is so vital. It is important to bear in mind that this step is part of the first three steps, which focus on creating the right climate for change. It is therefore all about talking to peoples feelings and not inevitably to their intellect.Furthermore Kotter stresses that leaders need to whirl the walk. Actions often speak louder than course and if leaders want people to foll ow them, then they must take the lead. Ghosn was aware of this. One issue Ghosn noticed, shortly after arriving at Nissan, was the overleap of communicating between the layers of the organization, and as the quote below shows Ghosn was prepared to walks the walk himself.He was the first manager to actually walk around the inherent company and meet every employee in person, shaking hands and introducing himself. (Millikin Dean, 2003)2.4 spend THE VISIONIt is not enough to create a great vision. It also has to be communicated effectively to the organization. It says in the text that Ghosn communicated both NRP and Nissan 180 aggressively and that two of his three philosophies of management areTransparency an organization can only be effective if fol dismays believe that what the leaders think, say, and do are all the same thing.Communication of company direction and priorities this is the only way to get truly unified effort and buy-in. (Millikin Dean, 2003)Information concerni ng his methods of communication is unfortunately lacking, but there is no doubt, that he understood the vastness of communicating the vision, and results show that he succeeded brightly. Ghosn and his coalition managed to lapse out to all employees and motivate them to move towards the vision. If he had not been able to communicate6 P a g eeffectively enough the NRP arguably would not have been the rapid success it turned out to be.The NRP was achieved in March 2002, one year ahead of schedule. (Millikin Dean, 2003)Kotter stresses the importance of having focus on communication of the vision because it will act as a guide class, and if people do not get that information they do not know which direction to go. Because mental images are easier to remember one of the effective slipway to get the message across is using metaphors, analogies, and examples. His metaphor of 180 in the Nissan 180 vision is a paragon of virtue in that way. It clear creates a picture of turning the com pany around, and incorporating the metrics in the 180 made it easier for employees to remember what they needed to do.2.5 EMPOWER OTHERSThe Japanese culture compel Ghosn to pay extra attention on the empowerment of employees. As mentioned, Japanese business culture is characterized by a search for conscientiousness, corporation, group harmony, and an turning away of mistakes. This all leads to a delay of decision making and a lack of responsibility. The introduction of CFTs was an attempt to break with the inconveniences of Japanese culture without harassing the fundamentals.cultural conflict, if paced and channeled correctly, could translate opportunity for rapid innovation. (Millikin Dean, 2003)People in CFTs got a birds eye stead of the company and it gave them a sense of self-possession and responsibility, which was necessary to turn things around. Ghosn even went as far as to put his own fate in the hands of his employees as he had publicly stated his trust in the employe es abilities.He encouraged employees to come forth with their ideas and take risks. This was contradictory to their instincts as it was embedded in the organizational culture not to seek risks and to reach consensus before making a decision.Furthermore, he made organizational changes such as permanent cross-functional departments and matrix organization for higher-level staff, which all emphasized the demand for7 P a g eresponsibility and accountability. lastly he changed the traditional Japanese compensation system to a more Western approach with possibility for employee advancements based on performance kind of of seniority. This greatly empowered the talented employees, which was much needed in this change.In many cases, these midlevel managers enjoyed learning about the business and felt fully engage in the change process, giving them a sense of responsibility and ownership about turning Nissan around. (Millikin Dean, 2003)2.6 PLAN FOR AND CREATE SHORT-TERM WINSGhosn excels when it comes to creating short-term wins. His NRP created amazing results that boosted motivation throughout the organization.One success was a 20% reduction in purchasing costs the supplier base shrunk by 40% and the service suppliers decreased by 60%. (Millikin Dean, 2003)It is incredibly important that short-term wins are communicated broadly to the organization, so people can see their intemperate work come to fruition. Often leaders of change hope that short-term success will arise, but according to Kotter it is necessary to actually plan for them.A commitment to create short-term goals has a positive look effect as it increases the sense of urgency throughout the first period. Ghosn did it brilliantly by announcing to the public that the company would show a profit deep down two years. This is something all employees can understand and it creates a commitment that helps in the realization of his promises.2.7 CONSOLIDATE IMPROVEMENTSOne of Ghosns three management princi ples is to execute. He states that 95% of the job is about execution. It is not enough to have a strategy if it is not carried out. This is completely in line with Kotters thinking. The consolidation of improvements is all about securing the short-term wins by rooting them in the company and using that as a foundation for further work. At the same time as he declared that the NRP was achieved he announced the Nissan 180. Nissan 180 represented a plan for growth based on the improvements that NRP yielded.8 P a g eNow that they had made the necessary improvements, it was time to merge and improve further.I think many leaders mistakenly would have left out the second step of Ghosns two-step vision. But if he had done so, the company presumably would have had difficulties rooting the tremendous results and huge changes that were created in such a short time. His clock of the announcement of Nissan 180 was perfect as it kept the momentum going.The Nissan Revival Plan is over. two year s after the start of its implementation, all the official commitments we took have been overachieved one full year ahead of schedule Nissan is now ready to grow.2.8 load CHANGES other of Kotter areas of focus is that changes are often considered finished too early. The organization needs time to really settle in the new ways and if victory is declared too early, then there is a risk of returning to the old ways. Ghosn was aware of that as he was concerned with what will happen when he returned to Renault. Ghosn contemplates the future, he knows that the transformation has really just begunThe momentum and positive energy that have been created from all the success needs to be followed-up by a new vision and new goals. This can potentially be a difficult task because the great success could diminish the employees sense of urgency. Whether or not his successor is able to do so remains unknown, but the fact that Ghosn was aware that there is still a long way to go shows his great ins ight to problems with turning a company around and institutionalizing changes.9 P a g e3. EVALUATION CONCLUSIONOmitting the fact that Kotter introduced his 8-step model in 1995 one could well-nigh suspect that Ghosn had read about Kotters model to strategic change as it looks like he follows them closely. Ghosns ability to establish the right climate for change, engaging and enabling the whole organization, and implementing and sustaining the change in such a large organization is admirable.1) I think the resistance to change that Ghosn faced was inevitable. tour a company around as drastically as was needed for Nissan is bound to create resistance. Such a big change makes the future uncertain for many employees and the uncertainty is something many naturally try to avoid. trust that with strong Japanese traditions, an organizational culture that is hindering innovation and adaptability, and a Japanese regime that historically always have bailed out profligate employees, and t hereby created a pretext for inaction, only made it worse. Trying to move people, who do not find movement necessary, will unavoidably create tension and resistance. That being said, I think Ghosn handed the resistance to change ideally.2) I am sure that many parts of the Nissan organization did not feel very good about having Ghosn changing things as drastically as he did. The reduction of 21,000 jobs will inevitably create opponents among the lower level employees as well as higher in the hierarchy. Furthermore, the demotion of offense President of Sales and Marketing in Japan would presumably create antagonists with more leverage. Throughout the text examples of his no-nonsense approach to leadership shows that he is a tough leader that does not accept failure and he demands that people take responsibility for their actions. I think this kind of approach combined with his philosophies of management and his capacity for global leadership was the key to his success in Nissan and t he reason why his opponents were not able to challenge him seriously. Another reason is the respect for leadership that is inherent in most Japanese. This made his approach to leadership even more effective. Finally, his involvement of the CFTs made sure that he would not be the only one in the line of fire. The delegation of responsibilities to the CFTs helped getting the support of middle and lower levels, so he could focus his attention on top management.10 P a g e3) The national culture has without a doubt played a large part in the outcome of Ghosns attempt to turn Nissan around. On the one hand it hindered change because of the sense of security the government created and its rigid approach to decision making and career advancement. On the other hand the respect for leadership made it easier for him and his CFTs to have an impact on the organization. The cultural differences between Ghosn and the Nissan organization was profound because he had never been open(a) to Japanese culture before, but his approach to the culture ensured that he was fully aware of the issues that could arise. He stated that he wanted to discover Japan by being in Japan with Japanese people. That shows his humble and respectful approach to their culture, which I think benefitted him.4) There is no doubt that Ghosn was lucky. His timing was impeccable as the bankruptcy of Yamaichi happened when he took office as COO in Nissan. This fortunate misfortune paved the way for a major organizational and cultural change that otherwise would have been hard to push through. Without this, Ghosn and his CFTs would probably have faced a much more daunt task. Whether or not they would have been able to power through in spite remains unknown, but having learned about Ghosn leadership abilities I think he would have found a way.All in all I think Carlos Ghosn did an incredible job turning Nissan around in a very short period of time. As a non-Japanese COO he managed to overcome Japanese cultur al obstacles, as well as effectively transforming a bureaucratic organizational culture and turning a large continuing deficit into a profit within 18 month. One could question whether his successor will be able to continue what Ghosn started or if he/she needs to find his/her own way. all way, Ghosn has a justifiable concern for the future of Nissan. They might be on the right path, but they are still far from reaching their goals.11 P a g e

Elements Required for the Formation of a Valid Contract

Elements Required for the Formation of a egressual Contr processIntroductionWhen we think of either signifier of business thither summates the necessity of taste and applying the regulatings, principles, norms, and usages of resolve. Now a day there is ex represently any business dealing that does non comes within the purview of contact. So its actually principal(prenominal) to founder a clear and definite psyche on the subject of narrow righteousness. b bely, in this paper Iv try to generate a glimpse on this subject along with its industry in practical day to day to business practices in versatile atomic number 18as. This piece of work allow demonstrate the very basic and original areas of get, like suggest and word message, shape etc, with a pull upional emphasis on the operation and operation of business contact. In addition, the paper tames importance of down the stairsstanding the principle of liability in scorn in business practices and make an effort to apply much(prenominal)(prenominal) principles and practices in diverse business s conduces. destiny 1Importance of the essential fractions required for the formation of a sensible urge onA make out is the pro quite a littleateness amongst parties regarding any kind of dealings that is enforceable in law. So an commensurateness between parties enforceable by law is a read and never the some some others which are not enforceable by law. Suppose, an transcription to purchase 1-kg heroine is not enforceable by law and as such(prenominal) it dissolvenot be a compact, provided an agreement for the purchase of computer is enforceable by law and as such is a fight. In this regard, we stack reach to a conclusion that al oneness contracts are agreements, plainly not the vice versa.A contract between the parties can be createdverb eachyin writing (including by electronic instrument and website)by act, be study, conduct or inference orBy means of twain or any of the above mentioned ways.Essentials Elements of a logical ContractTo be a contract, an agreement must(prenominal) fulfill the undermentioned conditionsProposal( continue) and acceptancethe parties must be competentthe take of parties must be freethere must select lawful con siderationthe aspiration must be lawful andthe agreement must not expressly declared void by law.Beside the above mentioned elements the contract must be true possible of consummation and written and registered if so required by law. as yet there can be special principles, price and conditions applicable to the contract as agreed by the parties that concern specific subject matters, such as employment contract, the cut-rate sale of moveable lieu, sale of immoveable property etc.The OfferOffer is the starting head dirt from where an agreement gets purport formally which ultimately may take the shape of a legally cover song contract.Offer means the formal expression of intention or forge tingness of one troupe to other to do or to refrain from doing an act in entrap to obtaining the assent of the other companionship to such act or omission. When one party signifies his willingness to other party in order to take fancy of that party regarding any dealing, the party expressing such willingness is verbalise to make an draw out and he is called the offerer and the person to whom it is make is called the offeree . So it is clear that,the offer must be communicated to the other partyit can be revoked at any time prior to acceptance.In this point we break to keep in mind that some kinds of transactions have a preliminary negotiation in which one party charm the other to make an offer. Such an stage is called invitation to political machinee for. Such primary negotiations are an way to reach a stage to make an offer. It is now tumefy settled that negotiations to enter into a contract can amount to an invitation to treat but not an offer.AcceptanceAn offer when accepted causes contract. When the person to whom an offer is made signifies his assent thereto the offer is said to be accepted. indeed the essence of the acceptance is the assent or consent that is coming from the offeree . It scarcely speaks of giving ones consent to the offer as it is made by the offeror and as such it will be a valid acceptance to convert an offer into a contract. So the acceptancemust be communicatedmust be to the original proposal made other sharp-witted it could be a counter offertakes yield on the basis of the order of communicating the acceptance to the offeror (in postal mode- on the date posted, in cocktail dress of instant or electronic mode, occurs when received).Competency of the PartiesThe law does not give eachone to enter into a contract quite a prescribe authoritative specific qualification to attain to be competent to enter into a contract. A person to be competent to enter into a contract, must be of the age of majorityof sound mind an dnot indispose from contracting by any law which he is subject. therefrom negatively, the succeeding(a) persons cannot enter into contractminorspersons of unsound mind andpersons disqualified by any law.Free ConsentFree consent is an essential element of a valid contract. It is natural that for an agreement all parties to it must come to a common point. There are mainly two requirements to be a consent that the consent must prone-To the same thing, andIn the same sense.So if the parties So to symbolize a contract even mere consent is not sufficient, rather the consent must be free consent concord to law agree upon diverse things or in different sense then this will not be interact as consent. The term thing used in the commencement requirement means the contents or subject matter of agreement.On the other hand, to constitute a valid contract even mere consent is not sufficient, rather the consent must be free consent according to law. That is to severalize, to be a free co nsent, that must not be caused by, coercion, overweening influence, fraud, misrepresentation and mistake. In other words, if consent is given being touch on by any of the above elements, the consent will not be treated by the law as free consent.Consideration ordinarily consideration means mean the exchange of the price. It has different legal meaning which does not restrict it only within the area of monetary earnings rather to be consideration, law required that, something is to be through with(p), forborne, or augurd at the desire of the offeror. It may even be termed as burden execute or in other sense sufferings in the sense of losing something, may be that is ones energy, service, gold or anything valuable.A paragraph from the book law of Contract (10thedn, Sweet and Maxwell,1999,at p.64) Professor Treitel is worth mentioning The traditional meaning of consideration concentrates on the requirement that something of value must be given and because states that What th e law is concentrate with is the consideration for a promise-not the consideration for a contract. So consideration is the cause of acceptance and it mustiness be valuable. Something must be supplied in return of the offer of the offeror, eg. Money.Must be lawful and non gratuitous.Must not be something already paid or incurred(past consideration)Lawful tendencyIn order to execute a valid contract the bearing and consideration of a agreement must have to be lawful. The aspiration and consideration are lawful unless-It is forbidden by law orIs of such reputation that, if permitted, it would defeat the provisions of any law orIs fraudulent orInvolves or implies injury to any person or his property orIt is regarded as immortal or against the public insurance and public welfare.Enforceability in LawAlthough an agreement may have all the essential elements, it may not be a enforceable contract because of some other is sues like impossibility of performance or where the agreement und uly restrains any person in his trade. So if an agreement emits to suffer the legal requirements of a contract then that becomes nothing but unenforceable by law which cannot turn into a contract ever rather a void agreement.(P1.1). Essential elements of the contract in a given scenario rapture, Owner of a dramatic art offers in face to face, brad to deal out his domicil at a current price. Brad, accept the offer made by Adam and pay a portion of price for the house asked by him.This is an example of a valid contract entered into by Adam and Brad for the sale of the house. In this transaction we will find all the essential elements for the formation of a valid contract. Moreover the contract is execute in a lawful manner. Here, Adam made the Offer which Brad Accepts in his Free Consent and pay Adam a portion of the Consideration (price). Both the parties are Competent to execute a contract and their Object is not too lawful. So the contract of sale of house between Adam and B rad is Enforceable in Law.The impact of different types of contractExpressed and Implied contractIf the offer and acceptance of contract are made in words, i.e, all expressed orally or in words, it is an express one. It can be of two types, i.e. Oral and Written.On the other hand when there is no formal expression of such offer and acceptance rather it is implied from the acts or omission of the parties, it is regarded as an implied contract.Valid contractAn agreement enforceable by law is a contract and is valid. That is to say, a valid contract is that agreement which fulfils all requirements of a contract as imposed by law.Voidable contractThe voidable status of a contract is a temporary status which has to be made enforceable by law or has to be set aside and twain these are dependant at the pick of the parties at one side and not at the option of the other side. The law determines at whose option it will be validated or annulled in each particular facial expression consider ing the genius of voidable contract. Thus a contract cannot sojourn as voidable forever rather it has to be valid or void.Void contractA contract becomes void by ceasing its enforceability by law. It is not a void ab initio. Because, law says that it has to cease its enforceability and it will be void only when it will cease that enforceability. Thus, the precondition of a void contract is the existence of a valid contract and later somehow its enforceability will be ceased and then it will be treated as a void contract. There may have assorted grounds for ceasing the enforceability of law, e.g., supervening impossibility or illegality.Unilateral and Bilateral contractIn the case of bilateral contract each party takes on an obligation, commonly by promising the other for something- as for example James promise to sell something and Ben promise to buy it. By contrast an unilateral contract is one in which only one party assumes the obligation under the contract.damage in contrac ts meaning and effect1. Express damageA. What did the parties say or write?B. Are the statements of the parties terms of the contract.2. Implied termsA. Terms implied by customsIt is well established that a contract may be subjected to terms that are sanctioned by the custom, whether commercial or otherwise, they have not been expressly mentioned by the parties. Precedents states that in commercial transaction unessential evidence of customs and usages is admissible to annex incidents in written contracts, in matters with respect to which they are silent.B. Terms implied by statuteThe translation of usages into agreement and of agreements into statutory terms is around evident in the history of the contracts for the sale of goods. Moreover the provisions of Marine Insurance Act are another(prenominal) example in this regard.C. Terms implied by solicitsOther terms have been judicially implied in a number of transactions. Thus in kill v Thorne,(1956) the Court of Appeal give judg ment in upgrade of the suspect and held that they could not imply any term that would create an dissimilitude with the express language of the bargain. Such a similar position was examined by the House of Lords in Lister v Ramford Ice and Gold remembering Company Ltd and majority of the judge gave judgment in favor of the respondent.Excluding and limiting termsThe common law is quite familiar with the practice of inserting terms excluding and limiting liabilities by one party which would otherwise be his. This situation frequently arises where a documents purporting to express the terms of a contract is delivered to one of the parties and is not read by him. A passenger receives a tatter, stating the terms or referring to the terms set out elsewhere, on which a railroad is prepared to melt down him or take charge for his luggage. There are different view regarding such clauses. One view describes it as a promisors obligation and the other view describe it as mere defense.P1.3 charm terms for a given situationAllan, buy a ticket to go to London from Liverpool. The ticket contains terms that he can carry only 10-kilo of goods and for more than that amount he has to pay extra 5 for per 10-kilo. This is an example of excluding clause in the contract between him and the bus company.Requirements 22.1 Practical application of the elements of contractScenarioAccording to the given problem for this assignment, the avocation advice has been providedAdviceIn the light of sundry(a) elements of a valid contract, John McGurks starting teletypewriter machine is clearly an offer which Collin McCellend was to accept. The general rule is that acceptance takes effect on communication and application of this rule is embodied in the cases of Entores and Brinkibon. Considering that the telex of acceptance was sent outside working hours, when should it take effect, and considering the factors mentioned in Brinkibon- intentions of the parties and commonplace business pra ctice- where should the risk lie? In assessing where should the risk lie we have take into account the fact that Collin can reasonably think that his telex would be read shortly after the lunch hour was completed and to expect John to check where there is any reply from Collin. This is germane(predicate) because in other cases on communications, the court does not entertain the take in of the parties who fail to receive message because of their own fault or negligence(such as it was in Entores case). If Collins telex is deemed to take effect when it is sent, a binding contract between them exist at that point and this will take priority over the contract with ford. We should then consider the position if the rule that acceptance only takes effect on communication is strictly applied. The next issue in question is the communication by the other car dealer from whom Collin learnt that the car has been sold. It is clear from Dickinson v Dodds that study from third party can amount to revocation because the message from the third party is regarded as the offeror had said it himself. However the exception of this rule is that if the reference book of information is not reliable there would be no revocation and the offer would be still available for acceptance. But in the present case this exception is not applicable as the source is not fly-by-night and as such Collin cannot carry John to give effect to his acceptance. However Collin is still entitled to claim damages assuming a contract was made. He could only force John to sell the car to him if court granted specific performance. As the court grant specific performance of contract only when monetary compensation is not adequate to give the plaintiff proper remedy or where there is no other remedy available. Collin can be adequately compensated by money and this could be done by allowing Collin to claim the difference between the cars price and the cost of replacement i.e. more or less 2000.2.2 Law on term s in different contractsTerms of contract can either be conditions or warranties and it vary in various contracts depending on the nature and contents of the contract. Thus terms and conditions in the contract of sale of land are different from that of sale of goods. For better understanding see Terms of Contract- Meaning and Effect part of this paper in page.2.3 Evaluation of the effect of different termsThree kinds of contractual terms have prescriptive effect and significance relative to each others namely Conditions, Warranties and Innominate terms.Conditions These are the most importance terms of contract and have serious consequences if bumped. An innocent party can repudiate a contract and claim damages for rift of such terms. It is not necessary to mark such term as conditions in the contract and court will consider the intentions of the parties to determine such terms. See e.g. Schuler AG v Wickman Machine Tools sales events Ltd. (1974).Such terms can also be determine b y statutory provisions, (e.g. Sale of Goods Act 1979, provides that certain terms relating to title to goods and quality of goods are conditions) and by the case laws, typically standard terms in commercial contracts.Warranties It is of lesser importance than conditions and unwrap of such terms entitled the innocent to claim damages but not to repudiate the contract.Innominate terms It can be either conditions or warranties and breach of them can be serious or trivial depending on the particular fact and conditions. Such terms was first emerged in Hong Kong Fir Shipping Co. Ltd. v Kawasaki Ltd. (1962). See also The Mihalis Angelos case, Bunge Corp. v Tradax Export SA(1981) and The Naxos(1990). Ref.1Requirement 3TortLaw of civil wrong the law of civil wrong but every civil wrong is not civil wrong. For a civil wrong to be tort it must contain two conditions-The remedy is common law action for unliquidated damages andThe wrong is not exclusively a breach of contract, breach of trus t or other merely equitable obligation.Thus Winfield defines tortuous liability arises from the breach of the barter primarily fixed by law and its breach is repressible by an action for unliquidated damages. Ref.23.1 Differences between liabilities in Tort and ContractAs to the source of interest and handicraft The interest in tort and its corresponding handicraft are created by law but in case of contract they are created by the agreement between the parties to the contract.As to the nature of duty In tort duty not to violate the interest of another person is toward persons generally, not to any particular person. In contract such duty is only towards the parties to the contract and not towards any strangers.As to nature of remedy In tort damages are unceasingly unliquidated but for breach of contract liquidated damages can be claimed where specified in the contract.Others Even where unliquidated damages are claimed the principle of liability in tort and contract differ. In co ntract damages are of compensatory nature except in case of contract of marriage and action by bargainer against his banker for dishonoring his check while there is sufficient balance to his credit. In tort, on the other hand, exemplary may in certain be awarded by the court.3.2 Nature of liability in neglectGenerally in all torts the liability is based on intentions or negligence. An act is inattentive if its consequences are neither desired nor are substantially certain but are so probable that a reasonable man would have foreseen and keep down them. Thus, in certain cases of negligence the suspect may not have knowledge of his conduct or consequences thereof, but in many cases he has knowledge of both. It is the element of desire for consequences, which can distinguish negligence from intention. In case of intention actual or presumptive desire is always there, whereas in case of negligence there can never be desire for consequences.3.3 Vicarious liability in businessVicariou s liability means the liability for the wrong committed by another person. Normally, a person is held liable for wrongs committed by him but sometimes he may be held liable for wrongs committed by other persons. greenness example of such liability are liability of master for acts of his servants, done in course of employment, liability of partners for torts committed by a laddie partners, liability of corpus for acts of his doer done within the scope of part and liability of an employer for acts of an independent contractor employed by him.Thus secondary liability in business can be found in the business practice of agency and in partnership business. In both the cases a person who is liable for any breach of contract cannot be held liable rather the person on behalf of whom he enters into contract will be liable. Thus when there occurs any wrong or breach of any contract or any part thereof by an agent acting on behalf of and within the authority of the principal, then the pr incipal and the agent will be held liable. The same rule applies in the case of partnership business and for the wrong of a partner the fellow partners become liable subject to certain conditions and exceptions. Thus in the case of various contracts and business dealings there arises vicarious liability.Requirement 44.1 Applications of the elements of tort of negligence and defences in different business situationsThere are certain general conditions which must be fulfilled or satisfied originally a person can be held liable for any tort. Negligence is one of such essential elements and it has significant effect in the frequent course of various business practices. However negligence can be both, an element as well as a defense in appropriate cases of business.Negligence as elementsNegligence is the lack of application of reason and ordinary prudence on the part of the defendant for, that he can be held liable for any damages results from such damages. In every business practice or in other words, contract it is the duty of both the parties to act and behave in a reasonable and wise manner and perform his obligation diligently. Thus as an independent tort negligence means the infliction of damage by breach of a legal duty to take burster which the defendant owed to the plaintiff. This if there occurs any breach or any party suffer loss for the negligent act and omission of the other, it will entitled the plaintiff seek fill-in and damages for such negligent behave.As a defense, contributory negligenceContributory negligence is a special defense to an action for negligence. When any breach, damage or accidents occurs not solely due to the negligence of the defendant but also partly due to the lack of ordinary care on the plaintiffs part, the part of the negligence of the plaintiff is called contributory negligence because it also contributes towards bringing about of the consequence. The defense of the contributory negligence will fail if there is no lack o f reasonable care and attention on the plaintiffs part.However the scope of the defense was already narrowed by pattern of the rule of last opportunity in Davis v Mann (1842) case. It was further special by extension of the last opportunity rule to situations where actually the defendant was not in a position to avoid the accident but he lost the opportunity because of some of fault on his part. Thus the leading case is, British Columbia Electric Rly v Loach(1916).4.2 Applications of the elements of vicarious liability in given business situationsA, is appointed as agent for B for certain activities with the authority to enter into contract of selling As car. A enters into a contract with C for selling the car for 2500. However after the compellation of the contract it is discovered by A that the car has certain defects which was unknown to A and hence C claims damages.In such a situation A is not liable for the act done by him as he has acted upon and within authority of B. Here not a rather B is vicariously liable and C can sue B, not for his claim.Concluding RemarksThough sources of interest in contract and tort are different yet they may co-exist or concur in the same case. In such case interest is created by the contract as well as general law. In the realm of current business practices contractual obligations and its breach are so much important and in this regard to get proper remedy and appropriate its very much essential to have clear and sound knowledge on contractual obligations, liabilities along with various liabilities of tort law.

Ethics and Education :: Free Essays Online

Ethics and Education Before one decides whether or not moral philosophy should be a standard secernate of American public take aim facts of life, one first essential figure unwrap what the purpose of procreation is. This is a backbreaking marvel to answer. Some would think that the purpose of pedagogy is to learn facts. Others would add to that and aver that ones commandment should embarrass facts and ideas. Perhaps the address of education is to create well rounded muckle who ar lively to face the world around them. Perhaps education should be the search of truth, however, in order to pursue truth, one must also check verity. How do you say which, or whos estimable motive are true or untrue? An important aspect of defining education is deciding what empyreans of a persons education must be acquired in school, and what areas should be learned elsewhere. The area of ethical motive is sticky in this respect. It is really difficult to know where to draw and quart er the line. When deciding this one must figure start where the duty of parents ends and where responsibility begins for schoolers. One could argue that teachers have the task of existence educators and parents the job of care-giving, so therefore all learning, including morals should occur inside the schools. This is difficult to say though, because the line between teaching and care-giving is also fuzzy. start out of care-giving is making sure as shooting that ones child does not hurt him or her ego or others, and that involves teaching. Similarly, part of teaching is making sure that the child is equal to learn, which involves care-giving. In moderne day society children spend a very large circumstances of their sentence in school, and perhaps to enough time at plateful for their parents to effectively instill all the morals they pauperisation to learn in order to be ethical human beings. Because of this it could be argued that it is the responsibility of schools to t each morals in order for their to be any(prenominal) kind of ethical society at all. By not actively teaching morals it is possible that schools are passively teaching to be immoral. Another question to be raised is whether or not morals need to be learned in order ro function in other areas of education. If this is the case, then(prenominal) another question is whether or not the schools should be responsible for impart those morals, or if they should expect the Ethics and Education eject Essays OnlineEthics and Education Before one decides whether or not morals should be a standard part of American public school education, one first must figure out what the purpose of education is. This is a difficult question to answer. Some would say that the purpose of education is to learn facts. Others would add to that and say that ones education should include facts and ideas. Perhaps the goal of education is to create well rounded people who are prepared to face the world around the m. Perhaps education should be the pursuit of truth, however, in order to pursue truth, one must also define verity. How do you say which, or whos morals are true or untrue? An important aspect of defining education is deciding what areas of a persons education must be acquired in school, and what areas should be learned elsewhere. The area of morals is sticky in this respect. It is very difficult to know where to draw the line. When deciding this one must figure out where the responsibility of parents ends and where responsibility begins for teachers. One could argue that teachers have the task of being educators and parents the job of care-giving, so therefore all learning, including morals should occur within the schools. This is difficult to say though, because the line between teaching and care-giving is also fuzzy. Part of care-giving is making sure that ones child does not hurt him or her self or others, and that involves teaching. Similarly, part of teaching is making sure t hat the child is able to learn, which involves care-giving. In modern day society children spend a very large percentage of their time in school, and perhaps to enough time at home for their parents to effectively instill all the morals they need to learn in order to be ethical human beings. Because of this it could be argued that it is the responsibility of schools to teach morals in order for their to be any kind of ethical society at all. By not actively teaching morals it is possible that schools are passively teaching to be immoral. Another question to be raised is whether or not morals need to be learned in order ro function in other areas of education. If this is the case, then another question is whether or not the schools should be responsible for instilling those morals, or if they should expect the

My Writing Essay -- Personal Narrative Writing

My WritingIn the past four years, I have written many papers for various classes, enjoying some and others having to eliminate out words to economize down. In this memo I provide describe my writing projects and how they made me become a better inditer, and how they allow for continue to help develop me into a becoming a much than prosperous penr.What I Really Learned in side snowWell as a recent pupil of the Great McFadden I want to do all that I can to be on his good side, for he said that if I go one sea mile to meet him, he will go two miles to meet me, which seems more that fair. As an assignment I am told that I have to write what I learned in English 100 and how that it prepared me for English 200. Well since honesty is the best way of life, in my opinion, then I will be honest about what I learned in English 100. I didnt learn very much at all in English 100, the enlightener I had didnt teach very well, and because of that, we all were on msn the whole time as he read from a book. manage most English classes we turned in our ruff drafts and they were returned to us with things we had to fix in order to receive a better grade. I in like manner learned how to write a query paper that amounted to twelve pages, and many hours of hard dedicated fashion. Learning is an on going process, and a process of which one can never real stop learning. I would have to say I have an cockiness to learn. I usually learn fast and remember what it is that I was taught. I think it is very important in todays parliamentary law that a person should learn all that they can about how things work and how things are done for their own personal behalf. Having said that, I would also like to say that I like to learn what I am interested in, learning comes more natu... ...opinion on my paper would be a great help to me in making my paper better. I Like to Write About What Interests MeI am the type of writer who loves to write, except only really likes to write about stuff that interests me. I could write you a good story and my thoughts on running cause that is what I do, and it could be really good. Again you could ask me to write something on lets say Global Warning and it could be so detrimental of a paper that nobody would want to read. I have non really written anything outside of my English classes before cause I am not interested in writing for myself. I do not think I am a bad write but I know that I am not a great writer. I love writing journals, and fun short stories. I just hope that taking these English courses will help me alter my writing skills, and to become more aware of what time of paper I am writing.

Educational Goals and Philosophy :: Philosophy of Education Teaching Teachers Essays

Educational Goals and Philosophy There are several reasons why I want to be a teacher. One reason is that I cognise being around children. Another reason is that I love to suss out the look of amazement on childs face when they learn something new. I excessively love the look on their face when they discover that they can do what they just learned. During my observation, I met a little boy who had just go guts to West Virginia. This little boy is in the first graduation and he has a learning disability. The class that I was observing was a special education class and I had the pleasure of alleviateing the teacher with this little boy. The teacher thought that one of the best ways to help the little boy with his disability was to begin by playing games we play games with flash cards, numbers, and the alphabet. The teacher asked him to spell his name with the alphabet cards, which he did, so she spread the cards out on the table and asked him to find the letter that she said. Each time he lay out the correct letter, his face would visible radiation up at the teachers praise. He was really excited when he found the difficult letters. After watching the little boy I was just as excited as he was that he was doing a great job. Being a teacher would mean that I would produce the opportunity to teach children new things everyday, and I would be able to fate in their joy of learning. In my classroom I would use essentialism, the back to basics approach, I believe that all students should be taught the basic subjects. I would incorporate games into each subject so that the children willing moderate bid while they learn. For example, we would play math bingo, and do crossword puzzles for reading. For science, I would have them bring leaves to class and then we could learn what type of leaf it is and what steer it came from. I think that if you make learning fun, a child will want to learn, they wont just look at it as somethi ng that they have to do. I also believe that the classroom environment contributes to the learning atmosphere.