Formal business memo Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Formal business memo - Article Example When the cost of living surges, the minimum wage should also rise. This is because workers face significant strain while earning figures that do not consider inflation. In the end, the quality of life diminishes as a large number of families are forced into poverty. It is essential for workers to feel that the state takes care of their welfare. Raising the minimum wage is one of the principal ways in which the state intervenes for workers who are majorly defenseless against businesspersons. It is essential to note that the current minimum hour wage of 7.25 per hour does not care of taxes that every employee faces. At the end of the day, most workers probably earn $ 4 per hour after taxes. This act will also favor the business community since higher pay raises the morale of workers. A workforce with increased morale easily manifests higher productivity. Besides, the city should target increased expenditure towards rising out of the consequences of the recession. This is only possible if workers’ purchasing power increases. When the city raises the minimum wage, the action will affect more than 400,000 workers who make a third of Chicago’s workforce (CBS Chicago 1). This figure considers casual workers in areas such as hotels. Hotel workers in Los Angeles recently won a $ 15.37 minimum wage policy. This happened after unions and right groups formed advocacy groups for the same. This is the highest minimum wage figure among all the states. It is crucial to highlight that hotel workers were the originators of the idea. This suggests that the minimum wage issue mostly affects the casual workers. Casual workers are predisposed to exploitation by business owners because such jobs do not require special skills. Consequently, the minimum wage is a serious concern for SME’s and the informal sector such as hotels. A higher minimum wage increases the cost of business. A

Plagiarism literary Essay Example for Free

Plagiarism literary Essay Post your response to the following: Axia College takes academic honesty seriously. Think for a moment about an author whose original work has been plagiarized by a student. Why would that author consider plagiarism to be such a grave offense? Plagiarism is a literary theft that is commonly done by some students. A scenario in which an author who had spent everything he has on a literary project gets to know that people are just copying his works that he suffered to put it together without proper acknowledgment, he will be so much offended. he will count this as act of disrespect and that his idea are not been valued so he might decided not to write such write up again which will be to the disadvantage of the entire public and the said author. Post your response to the following: What are other ways in which you can make use of the wealth of Web-based information and still guard against plagiarism? These involves many method that one can gain from the web without committing plagiarism offence, this include ensuring that the original word of the author are not used, when doing any work, it should be followed by jottings and one should avoid making reference from the authors statement, but after the extensive reading and understanding then one can now sit with it and pen down in ones idea. We should avoid summarizing and paraphrasing because they are forms of plagiarism

Exploring Arab Women :: Arab Culture Cultural Marriage Essays

Exploring Arab Women In Liyana Badr’s novel, A Balcony over the Fakihani, the reader witnesses Yusra’s experience with water as she proclaims that, â€Å"I’ll [she’ll] stay till I’ve [she’s] filled my [her] jerry can [even] if I [she] die[s] doing it! (Badr, 10)† While Maha the main female character in Fadia Faqir’s Pillars of Salt, and her husband â€Å"immersed our [their] bodies in the warm water,† (Faqir, 54) of the Dead Sea as they share their first love making experience. Yasmina teaches granddaughter Fatima of the liberating power of water in Fatima Mernissi’s lyrical coming of age account of harem life in Dreams of Trespass. While Asya, the primary female character in Ahdaf Soueif’s In the Eye of the Sun, jet sets between the pools of the posh and exclusive Cairo country clubs and summer cruises in the Mediterranean. Yet, Leila Al-Atrash’s female character Nadia only mentions water in passing as she showers to avo id the presence of her husband. While one woman is desperate for a drop of water and willing to risk her life to achieve it, others use it as a vehicle to outsmart a dominating first wife, while another fully engages with water in the convenience of her home. This variation in the Authors’ usage and need water reflects the greater diversity in the identity of the Arab woman . In the five literary works Pillars of Salt by Fadia Faqir, A Woman of Five Seasons by Leila Al-Atrash, A Balcony Over the Fakihani by Liyana Badr, Dreams of Trespass by Fatima Mernissi, and In the Eye of the Sun by Ahdaf Soueif, water can mean different things to different people and these differing views of water reflect the diversity of class, societal expectations, education and socio-economic status that exists in Arab women. Therefore, these authors are establishing a multi-faceted view of Arab women, and challenge the reader to abolish their own social constructions and stereotypes about the Arab w oman. In an effort to organize and disaggregate the wealth of experience and knowledge relayed through these novels this discourse ic compiled to consider the following: what is the historical image and portrayal of Arab women? How do the images represented by these authors challenge this historical image? What are the implications of a singular image of Arab women? What lessons does one learn from the multi-dimensional view of Arab women in relation to Western feminism?

Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre - Jane Eyre and I :: Jane Eyre Essays

Jane Eyre and I For me reading Jane Eyre was no mere intellectual exercise; it was an experience which served to reflect a mirror-image of what I am. Jane's rainbows and cobwebs are mine; we are one. I think that she would be as engrossed in reading an account of my life as I was in reading hers. I see her reading Ruth Rosen on a stormy night, covers up to her chin, with candlelight flickering and wind whistling across the heath. I read hers tucked into bed, as wind rattled the windows and bellowed through the caverns of Trump Village. Every page of Jane Eyre seemed to uncover another similarity between us. One passage was particularly meaningful to me because I found it to be a melding of several characteristics: No reflection was to be allowed now; not one glance was to be cast back; not even one forward. Not one thought was to be given either to the past or future. The first was a page so heavenly sweet--so deadly sad--that to read one line of it would dissolve my courage and break down my energy (p. 323). Here we see Jane as romantic, moral, passionate, vulnerable and highly principled. My past grinds at my guts, but I realize now that I couldn't have done otherwise taking into account my romantic and moral inclinations, my passions, my vulnerability and high principles. Jane was tormented by her choices for the same reasons. Jacques Brel said, "Perhaps we feel too much and maybe that's the crime, perhaps we pray too much and there isn't any shrine..." But that's cynical, and defensive and incurable romantics like Jane and me would argue vehemently with Mr. Brel's lyric. To me (and probably to Jane) without passion and the Quest, life is a living death; without the willingness to do, to try and perhaps, to fail, we are automatons. Philosophers and psychologists tell us that we do what we do because of what we are. As kindred spirits, Jane and I would find ourselves in emotional and ethical quandaries and flight would be the only choice. It is a flight fueled by principles. Flight was Jane's only alternative when St. John Rivers proposed. He didn't seek marriage on the basis of love, but as a device to woo her into becoming a fellow-missionary. She was appalled by this bloodless, lifeless request.

Procrastination Essay

According to Paul Graham, in his article, â€Å"Good and Bad Procrastination,† he claims that it is impossible to avoid procrastination because there is always something you could be doing, â€Å"No matter what you work on, you’re not working on everything else† (86). Graham talks about three types of procrastination: (a) working on nothing, (b) working on something less important, and (c) working on something more important. He says that the last type is good procrastination. He goes on to describe type-c procrastination as being the â€Å"absent-minded professor† who, while thinking about some interesting question, forgets to look where he’s walking, or forgets to shave in the morning or even forgets to eat his breakfast. Graham states that â€Å"His mind is absent from the everyday world because it’s hard at work in another† (86). He also says that type-c procrastinators put off working on small stuff to work on big stuff. Graham describes small stuff as: shaving, doing laundry, cleaning the house, writing thank you notes, etc. Basically anything that could be classified as an errand. â€Å"Good procrastination is avoiding errands to do real work† (86). Graham also talks about why it pays to put off certain errands such as mowing the lawn or filing tax returns. He says that real work needs big chunks of time and the right mood, while errands don’t need either of those. Graham goes on to talk about how it can be a huge success if one suddenly gets inspired by a project and then blows off everything one was supposed to do for the next few days to work on that project. Later on in his article, Graham talks about type-b procrastination. He says that it is unacknowledged and that it is the most dangerous because â€Å"it doesn’t feel like procrastination. You’re getting things done. Just the wrong things† (88). Graham says that if one isn’t working on the biggest things one could be working on, one is type-b procrastinating. It doesn’t matter how much a person gets done. Graham concludes his article by talking about a way to solve the issue of procrastination. He says, â€Å"let delight pull you instead of making a to-do list push you. Work on an ambitious project you really enjoy, and sail as  close to the wind as you can, and you’ll leave the right things undone† (90). First I would like to start off by talking about how much I enjoyed reading Paul Graham’s â€Å"Good and Bad Procrastination.† His article really pulled me in and I feel that I can really relate to a lot of the things h e mentioned. I am a huge procrastinator. I always wait until the last minute to do everything. I waited until the last minute to type up this paper. As I type this, my clock reads 11:02 PM and it is the night before this paper is due (yeah, this is how bad I procrastinate). However, all I am thinking about is soon I will finally be done with this paper, and I’ll never have to look at it again (at least until I have to revise it and type up the next draft). Now that I have read Paul Graham’s article, I will never look at procrastination the same way. I would always think of procrastination as simply delaying a task but not as delaying a task to do another task. I have also never considered the different types of procrastination Graham talks about in his article. Now that I know about them, I can definitely say that I am a type-b procrastinator. Although my type-b procrastination was not unacknowledged, I knew very well that I needed to get this paper done. Still, I continued to put it off for other tasks which I thought were more fun such as playing Call of Duty on Xbox, hanging out with friends and doing absolutely nothing, or doing basic errands such as laundry or cleaning my room. Now, I sit here at my computer trying to get this paper written as quickly as I possibly can so I can move on to studying for my test tomorrow and hopefully still be able to get a couple hours of sleep. Why, why didn’t I just simply write this paper last night? Oh yeah, I was too busy killing hordes of zombies with my ray gun at an abandoned Soviet cosmodrome with two other friends. It was pretty fun, but I think I should have written this paper last night and worried about the zombie apocalypse later. Oh well, too bad I can’t change the past. I’m going to go study for that test now. Works Cited Graham, Paul. â€Å"Good and Bad Procrastination.† College Culture, Student Success. Ed. Debra J. Anderson. New York: Pearson, 2008, 86-90. Print.

Public Service Operating Conditions Essay Example

Public Service Operating Conditions Essay Example Public Service Operating Conditions Essay Public Service Operating Conditions Essay Public Service Operating Conditions Name: Course: Institution: Instructor: Date: Public Service Operating Conditions Lois R. Wise considers public service sectors to be made up of bureaucracy that needs to be researched. However, she cites that the motives of each public service vary, but all public services should aim to serve the society. She suggests that research about bureaucracy is necessary due to its potential in influencing public employees pertaining to issues of attaining the public interest. Thus, one operating condition in public service is the linkage of the workforce motivation with the high performance. Motivation within the public sector remains quite complex and hard to understand especially due to lack of enough research. In this regard, public service motivation is used as the process through which individuals are motivated to achieve public missions with an aim of achieving their own personal interests. Thus, the public sector is faced by many motives from different individuals. The other condition within the public sector is the new challenge of figuring out a way of nurturing dedication to the public interest, as well as a commitment to achievement of the set missions for the management. The management is supposed to ensure there is a commitment by the workforce to ensuring that missions are accomplished. With bureaucracy, it becomes hard since bureaucracy is a goal in itself if not well regulated. In some cases, where bureaucracy is too strict, the goal for employees within this sector becomes to achieve the rules set in place. Thus, instead of rules facilitating accomplishment of work or goals, it becomes the goal to be achieved. More operating conditions within the public service involve the dynamic public interests. Public service is about serving the interests of the public. However, they are not constant and keep changing considering the interests are based on mixed motives that change over time and across societies and individuals. The different motives within the public service are responsible for the different work choices, as well as roles, where each individual chooses a role to play according to their motive. Thus, different people will pursue different motives through different roles and choices within the public sector. Professional personnel in the public service sectors are faced by modern complexities, indicated in the e-Activities, in the case study. In the modern times, public service sector has to abide to public needs as well as set standards of professionalism. Additionally, they have to ensure they change according to innovation needs required in the modern setting. The modern setting requires public service professionals to focus on serving the public interests. Thus, they have no choice when it comes to adhering to ethical standards and needs within the society they serve. More so, the conditions of operation within this sector are changing rapidly depending on the motives of public service. This calls for altering even their behavior when innovations demand so. The public service sector is faced by growing modern conflicts that deriving from the changing environment. These changes can be traced to inertia, changing preferences and politics. In the first driver of change, inertial, it concerns the missing equivalence between the real conditions and the public sector preference. Continuous, rapid change is inevitable in the modern era including the public service sector. Therefore, professionals in the public service sector are faced by consistently changing conditions that require different approaches. This requires innovative ideas and means to tackle the changes. Considering the bureaucracy facing the public sector, implementing such innovations to tackle changes becomes a tremendous challenge for the professionals. The other driving force of change providing a challenge to the professionals in the public sectors is the political issues. This is concerned with political innovations and incentives within the public sector. Considering politics is so much related to the public sector, it has a direct influence on the professionals. Politics does not allow for eras that are necessary for innovations. Thus, public service sector lacks the room for trying out innovative ideas since they cannot risk failing. This causes a challenge of adopting to change for the public service sector. Finally, the preferences of professionals that are embedded in their experience play a significant role in facing challenges. When faced with new conditions in which they lack experience, it becomes hard to tackle such issues. This poses yet another challenge for professionals in the public sector.

aztecs and incas essays

aztecs and incas essays The Inca and the Aztec were alike in some ways but also had very large differences. The Inca lived on the northeastern coast of South America from 1450 AD to 1535 AD. The Aztecs lived in central Mexico from 1325 AD to 1523 AD. Let's look at the agriculture. The Inca had an advanced agriculture system, which allowed them to grow more food and specialize. They would carve steps out of a hill and then would plant vegetables such as corn, beans, and squash. These were called terraces. They also had an advanced irrigation system that consisted of canals and streams to help water the terraces. The Aztecs also had an advanced agricultural system. They used floating gardens called chinampas which were rafts made of reeds which soil was put onto and then seeds were planted in it. This way they could have more land for farming. Let's look at warfare. The Inca were not very aggressive people and rarely fought wars. Usually they fought only to conquer more lands or if they were threatened. You will read later how a civil war brought the Inca empire down. The Aztecs were a very warlike civilization and were very aggressive. They fought often so they could take captives for sacrifice. All Aztec men were required to fight at the king's order. When they could not find a excuse for war they played a ball game called tlatchli in which the losers of the game would be sacrificed. Now let's look at religion. The Incas religion was complex and focused around the sun. The Inca believed in blood sacrifice and idols. Also they sacrificed black llamas as offerings to the sun. Like the Inca, the Aztec religion focused around the sun. They believed in human sacrifice and that the sun would die if they did not make a sacrifice. Aztec priests made the sacrifices and were ranked high in the Aztec civilization. Now let's talk about government. The Inca government was a strict monarchy. The main rulers were the king and his nobles. The people's lives ...

Emailing a Literary Agent

Emailing a Literary Agent Emailing a Literary Agent Emailing a Literary Agent By Maeve Maddox In the old days writers could send out their queries and fantasize for weeks about acceptance before getting that crumpled little self-addressed envelope with its bad news back in the mail. Nowadays, thanks to email, we can be zapped with rejection in a matter of minutes! Nevertheless, email queries are a boon to writer and agent. They save time, paper and postage. Not to mention unproductive fantasizing. Much email writing breeds carelessness in most of us so its a good idea to pay special attention to any email we direct to a literary agent. Here are some guidelines. Subject line: Put something meaningful in the subject line. For example, a meaningful subject line for a query about a novel called It Was A Dark and Stormy Night would be Query: It Was A Dark and Stormy Night. Contact information: The usual place in an email for contact information is at the end, after your name. However, in this case its a probably a good idea to let the agent know immediately whose query is unscrolling before him. Just put the same contact information at the top left of the email that you have after your name at the bottom. Greeting: Use the same salutation you would in a letter. Do your homework. Address your query to an individual, not an agency. Find out if the honorific is Mr. or Ms. Avoid Email Speak: Dont pepper your query with abbreviations like BTW or LOL. Think business letter. Write the email as if you were going to mail it the old-fashioned way. Formatting: Keep your email query brief. Avoid long screeds of words. Break it up into short word groupings. I hesitate to say paragraphs. In web writing proper paragraphing is not always an option when the goal is to present easy-to-read clumps of words. And above all, DONT WRITE IN ALL CAPS! Correct spelling and usasge: Most emails are composed on the fly. We open Compose, dash off our message and hit Send. Thats not the way to handle an email query. A single misspelling or misused pronoun can shoot you down with the agent. Write your query in a word processor. Use the spell checker. Run it out and scrutinize the hard copy. When your query is error-free, then and only then paste it into the email and hit Send. Tone and Style: Be businesslike. You can be cordial without being chummy. Dont try to crack a joke. Jokes have a way of coming out all wrong in an email. And as for emoticons. Puhleez! 🙂 Attachments: Unless the agent has asked for an attachment, dont send one. Most people, not just literary agents, maintain a strict policy of not opening attachments from strangers. Links: Given the tiny bit of space allowed by an email to present ourselves, its tempting to want to include links to sites that tell more about us or showcase our writing. Its probably not a good idea. All the agent wants in this first approach is the gist of your proposal and an idea of your professional credentials. By all means, place a link to your professional website after your name at the end of the email, but dont pepper the body of the email with links. The OWL at Purdue offers general guidelines at Email Etiquette. Business managers who would like to draft an email policy guide for their employees will find 32 rules of email etiquette at a site called Emailreplies.com. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Homograph ExamplesDoes "Mr" Take a Period?40 Irregular Verbs That Can End in â€Å"-t†

A painter's costs Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A painter's costs - Research Paper Example 3) When a 1 percent rise in price evokes less than a 1 percent fall in quantity demanded, this is price inelastic. From the value that we have obtained, we then know that paint as a commodity is price elastic. How does this relate to revenue for companies? Total revenue is equal to price times quantity or PXQ. The three cases of elasticity correspond to three different relationships between total revenue and price changes: If a price decrease leads to a decrease in total revenue, it is a case of inelastic demand. If a price decrease leads to an increase in total revenue, it is the case of elastic demand. And if a price decrease leads to no change in total revenue, it may be the case of unit-elastic demand. Since our good is price elastic, it may be wise for firms to lower their prices if they are to expect an increase in total revenue or profits because slashing their prices down, they are hiking their sales up by a larger magnitude.

Steps to make ethical practice in the workplace a reality Essay

Steps to make ethical practice in the workplace a reality - Essay Example Since majority of the people in the world goes to work, it is important that one possesses good ethics in the work place. Good ethics is an essential attribute that an individual must possess in order to lessen conflicts in that might arise in the work place. Steps to Make Ethical Practice in the Work Place a Reality Work ethics main concern is how everyone gets along which each other, Weinstein (2009) explains that it encompasses the right attitudes, proper behavior, respect, open communication and appropriate interaction on how people show who and what kind of person they are. Christian values may be incorporated in the formulation of rules and guidelines for employees and following the words of God will actually guide one into having the ideal work attitude and may lead to further career growth. A company could consider incorporating the four basic values which are trust, responsibility, respect and care, as the primary step to achieve good work ethics. Kidd claims that †¦ â €˜it is about healing, empowerment, liberation and transcendence.’ Trust or faith connotes how trustworthy a person is. Imagine the employees of an accounting firm do not have trust in each other that firm is doomed to fail. Trust as defined by Spirit Home ‘indicates a depth and a sense of assurance that is based on strong but not logically-conclusive evidence,  and/or  based on the character, ability, or truth shown by someone or something over time or across situations.’ Once the employees begin to trust each other and the company, a sense of safeness can be integrated. And the breach of trust would result in multiple damages. Spirit Home insinuates that when trust starts to break, people become afraid. Proper communication within all the levels of the organization combined with doing the reciprocal, showing that one also trusts the other will ensure that this value remains intact in the work place. MDE (2004) states that ‘Getting things accomplish ed is more effective when people know who is responsible.’ Responsibility means making it clear to the individuals that they are accountable for their work. People work better when they have been briefed on what they have to do than to have them assume they know their duties. It is the responsibility of the management of a company to orient its entire workforce on the scope of each individual’s responsibility; this should be done to avoid any overlapping in their work that might result in repetitive outputs which only waste precious time. Lack of this will also result in finger pointing whenever something goes wrong and leaves the workplace an ill-environment to be in. Respect is a subjective term. People can create their own meaning of the word based from their experiences. However, Ulrich et al. (2009) claims that ‘respect is important in the†¦.profession’ that ‘†¦it should be practiced with compassion and respect for the inherent dignity , worth, and uniqueness of every individual, unrestricted by considerations of social or economic status and personal attributes†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Any workplace would be a harmonious one if people begin by respecting one another. This must be innate in everyone, to revere in each other’s attribute, ethnicity, race and stature in life. Showing people you care for them is another vital value that should be included in the ethical practice. Caring is like the other values stated above which definition depends on the person’

Inherent Difference Between US GAAP and IFRS on Revenue Recognition Case Study

Inherent Difference Between US GAAP and IFRS on Revenue Recognition - Case Study Example In case either requirement fails, the seller must defer revenue recognition, and accounting guidance provides special procedures for single arrangements that contains multiple deliverables and for long-term contracts (Gill, 2007). US GAAP on Revenue Recognition A firm’s gross accounts receivable reflects the amounts customers have promised to pay, and balance sheet displays these receivables net of estimated uncollectible accounts (Gill, 2007). When the seller decides that receivables have become uncollectible, it writes off the receivable because of their significant for analyzing liquidity and profitability; thus, accounts receivable are an input to several ratios used by financial analysis. Therefore, revenue recognition under the GAAP state that the seller recognizes revenue only when the transaction meets the following conditions: Stickney, Weil and Schipper (2009) indicate that the seller is purposed to earn recognized revenue, meaning that the seller has substantially a ccomplished what he or she has promised the customer. In addition, the revenue is realized or realizable, meaning that the seller has received cash or same asset that she or he can convert into cash. Meanwhile, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) of the United States has issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 104 (SAB) that summarizes the following four conditions for revenue recognition (Walton, 2009). 1. There exist influential proof of an arrangement exists. 2. Delivery of the service has been settled. 3. The seller’s maintain constant price of the price to the buyer. 4. It is certain that the seller can measure the amount of revenue and is reasonably certain to collect it. According to Stickney, Weil and Schipper (2009), Conditions 2, 3, 4 of SAB 104 are similar to the two conditions stated in the concepts statement 5 of SAB 104 that requires persuasive evidence that the seller has an arrangement with customer in the form of a contract, or prior business dealings p ractices. The arrangement states the responsibilities of the seller and its customers with respect to the nature and delivery of goods or services, the risks assumed by buyer and seller, the timing of cash payments, and similar factors. IFRS ON Revenue Recognition According to Tarantino and Cernauskas (2009), the IFRS distinguishes between revenue from sales of goods and revenue from sales of services with regard to sales of goods. The IFRS specifies five conditions for recognizing revenue: conditions 1 and 2 apply only to the sale of goods. 1. The seller has passed risk over to the buyer in order to evaluate the significant risks and rewards of ownerships of the goods. 2. The seller has not maintained either efficient control or the kind of involvement that is associated with ownership. 3. The total of income can be measured consistently. 4. It is probable that the seller will obtain the monetary remuneration related with the transaction. 5. The costs obtained from the sellers can be calculated reliably. With regard to services, IFRS specifies conditions 3, 4 and 5 plus one additional; that is, the stage of completion of the transaction at the end of the reporting period can be measured reliably (Gill, 2007).

Gun Control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Gun Control - Essay Example They argue that it would assist them in fighting for their security. Opponents present with arguments that increased availability of guns would result in the falling of the weapons in the wrong hands and would therefore bring harm rather than benefit to the nation. The subject of gun control remains controversial in the United States and different rulings and researches have been conducted with regard to the matter of gun control. According to the National Vital statistics many people succumb to injuries resulting from guns and the data from the year 2001 alone highlighted the fact that 11,001 people lost their lives owing to firearm shots from criminals. In the same year, 16,455 people resorted to suicide by using guns. The great number of fatalities that result due to firearms has led to the marking of guns as the second death causing reason in the United States. Furthermore, it has been seen in the history of the country that many great figures have lost their lives due to firearm injuries. The killing of Martin Luther King Jr. and Robert F. Kennedy who were killed in the year 1968 uphold this fact. Despite of these findings, an interesting finding that has been presented is that the number of people who die to due firearm injuries has reduced after the year 1993 owing to the relaxation in gun control laws following this year (Gold 2004; Valdez 2003). The first and the most important ruling with regard to gun control got passed in the United States in the year 1939 by the Supreme Court of the country. According to the ruling the possession of firearms was restricted and personal firearms were not to be issued. The ruling has been subjected to many arguments since that time and it has undergone many changes since that period. Opponents of this ruling use the Second Amendment in their favor as according to this Amendment, "A well regulated militia, being necessary

Identity formation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Identity formation - Essay Example The essayist Casares starts its journey by presenting his father’s views of identity, though; he said, ‘To him, ancestry is what determines your identity’. This shows that since he was a child, his parents started to encode him about his identity, which was related back to his ancestry. Although, author was born in United States yet his father was a Mexican. Additionally, by describing the population of his home town, Brownsville, he sates, ‘almost everyone I know is Mexicano: neighbors, teachers, principals, dropouts, doctors, lawyers, drug dealers, priests’. Therefore, this cultural environment made him to feel himself a Mexican. The thing that made him closer to his Mexican identity was the annual four day celebration of Mexican heritage, under the name of Charro Days (Casares). The experiences described above are the author’s childhood experiences; however, when he grows up and leaves his town his exposure towards his identity formation expands with significant extent. As he starts exploring the world, he seemed to believe that in United States immigrants and minorities have always been exploited by the media, as they know well how to stereotype an ethnic group. While experiencing through the events of his life, author acquired realization that the stereotypic image created in the minds of Americans describes the Mexicans as criminals, involved in dirty and lustful activities. As Casares was called as Mexican-American by natives; nevertheless, after realizing that being a Mexican is dealt as an abuse in America, no matter how honest and innocent one is. Thus, author later appeared believing like his father that he was a proud Mexican (Casares). Moreover, the other essay ‘American Dreamer’ written by Bharati Mukherjee shows the other side of identity formation. The essayist, from the start of the essay appears claiming to be a naturalized American. The actual birth place of the writer is Calcutta, India, where she experienced

Gun Control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Gun Control - Essay Example They argue that it would assist them in fighting for their security. Opponents present with arguments that increased availability of guns would result in the falling of the weapons in the wrong hands and would therefore bring harm rather than benefit to the nation. The subject of gun control remains controversial in the United States and different rulings and researches have been conducted with regard to the matter of gun control. According to the National Vital statistics many people succumb to injuries resulting from guns and the data from the year 2001 alone highlighted the fact that 11,001 people lost their lives owing to firearm shots from criminals. In the same year, 16,455 people resorted to suicide by using guns. The great number of fatalities that result due to firearms has led to the marking of guns as the second death causing reason in the United States. Furthermore, it has been seen in the history of the country that many great figures have lost their lives due to firearm injuries. The killing of Martin Luther King Jr. and Robert F. Kennedy who were killed in the year 1968 uphold this fact. Despite of these findings, an interesting finding that has been presented is that the number of people who die to due firearm injuries has reduced after the year 1993 owing to the relaxation in gun control laws following this year (Gold 2004; Valdez 2003). The first and the most important ruling with regard to gun control got passed in the United States in the year 1939 by the Supreme Court of the country. According to the ruling the possession of firearms was restricted and personal firearms were not to be issued. The ruling has been subjected to many arguments since that time and it has undergone many changes since that period. Opponents of this ruling use the Second Amendment in their favor as according to this Amendment, "A well regulated militia, being necessary

Short story using LITERARY DEVICES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Short story using LITERARY DEVICES - Essay Example I felt as if I had been given the world’s entire supply of ice cream! It was that big! After I had made my choice, I wondered if I would even be able to finish it before it melted away in the hot blazing sun. Just as I was about to take my first bite, whoosh! A taxi had sped past and its force had knocked my triple scoop ice cream completely out of my hands! I was devastated, but I could at least take comfort from the fact that I had tasted a single scoop before my dreams were shattered into a thousand pieces. I noticed the name of the taxi company emblazoned on the side of the taxi: â€Å"Taking Taxis.† I thought how fitting it was that the taxi that ruined my day was from that particular company, because it just took my one desire away from me. My ice cream was gone! I could almost scream! I was like a fish out of water—I didn’t know how to control myself. I consoled myself with the knowledge that I had two whole tubs of ice cream in my freezer back home . I sped like the wind to get home as fast as I could. That’s when I realized that I had finished all of my ice cream the previous night. My heart sank once

Vector by Robin Cook Essay Example for Free

Vector by Robin Cook Essay The novel Vector is basically about the concept of bioterrorism and the extent by which it can be utilized as a weapon of mass destruction. Allowing such weapon to fall into the wrong hands can be equated with devastation of unknown proportions, especially with the increasing discontent, poverty, limited resources and other problems plaguing the world today. Dr. Jack Stapleton is the Medical Examiner assigned to investigate the death of Jason Papparis, a rug dealer who died because of anthrax powder inhalation. The cause behind Jason’s death was not easily diagnosed, and primarily, it was seen as influenza aggravated by pneumonia. Upon autopsy however, Dr. Stapleton was able to determine that it was not just a simple case of flu and pneumonia, which somehow led to some presumptions that the anthrax virus may have come from the rugs Mr. Papparis sold. Conducting his own private investigation on this case allowed Dr. Stapleton to collect further evidence that the virus did not come from the rugs but from a mysterious source. As the story unfolds, it relates the story of Yuri Davydov, a Russian immigrant to the US. Yuri used to work in a biochemical lab in Russia, and he was quite knowledgeable in creating bio-weapons. The accidental death of his mother and the loss of his brother lured him to try his luck in the land of milk and honey. He married an African-American woman to get his green card, but his alcoholism and inability to rise above his poverty were starting to depress him and making him hate what used to be the country of his dreams. He was able to meet two underground terrorists who created the People’s Aryan Army, Curt Rogers and Steve Henderson, and together, they devised a plan which they called Operation Wolverine. With this plan, they intended to spread a biochemical weapon through the airconditioning system of the Jacob Javits Building by faking a fire incident, and then spraying another batch of the virus in Central Park. Yuri is responsible for the anthrax virus which was sent to Mr. Papparis supposedly as a test of its potency, and was later found to be of good quality. Yuri gets to meet Dr. Stapleton initially during the latter’s investigation of Jason Papparis’ office. Dr. Stapleton and Yuri’s paths meet again as Yuri’s wife, Connie, dies allegedly because of asthma and some respiratory illness. In actuality, Yuri poisoned her with Botulism toxin as part of their plan to secure Operation Wolverine, a finding which Dr. Stapleton eventually came to find out but did not really expect Yuri to have been responsible for. Dr. Stapleton only wanted to forewarn Yuri about the possibility of the poison still being in their house and Yuri is caught red-handed so he locks up Jack and Laurie Montgomery in the basement but he made them his witnesses by telling them everything about the PAA’s plans. This is due to the fact that Yuri senses Curt’s personal bias and he anticipated being just another pawn in their game, and eventually being eliminated. Curt ultimately shoots Yuri in the head, and the original plans proceed but are foiled because Yuri creates a fake mixture which Curt and Steve believe to be the anthrax virus, hence, the city is saved. Meanwhile, as Curt, Steve and their comrades are celebrating while escaping the supposedly successful operation, they excitedly opened the envelope from Yuri which contained the instructions for making the anthrax mixture. The envelope contained the anthrax powder which was sent with a puff into the air inside the vehicle, and was Yuri’s way of getting back at the group which double-crossed him. 1) The importance of Jason Papparis owner of the Corinthian Rug Company with the anthrax virus is that he is the first victim in the story which became the precedent for the interest and deeper investigation by Dr. Jack Stapleton into the concept of biochemicals and bioterrorism. If not for his case, and the natural inquisitiveness of Dr. Stapleton, things would have gone differently, especially since the initial investigation yielded a very common case of influenza and pneumonia. Influenza and pneumonia are two very common illnesses which can be remedied with rest, fluids and sufficient antibiotics. But since Jason Papparis’ case was different specifically because of the swift progression of the illness which took only more or less 24 hours, Dr. Stapleton suspected something fishy going on. It was just fortunate that an autopsy was conducted and the extent of damage and bleeding to the victim’s upper respiratory system was discovered at the outset. The absence of pneumonia on the lungs further confirmed Dr. Stapleton’s original suspicions that this was not just an ordinary case. And then again, later on, when the brain was examined and found to be bleeding as well, Dr. Stapleton was able to arrive at a better diagnosis for the illness which afflicted Mr. Papparis, brought about by anthrax inhalation as related to a similar case which he was fortunate to have handled previously. 2) Curt and Steve thought that Yuri was a loose cannon because his thoughts and ideas were very different from theirs. They found Yuri a mysterious person because someone with his capabilities should not be driving a cab in New York. In addition, Yuri also defended Stalin, a renowned Russian leader who caused the killing of millions, as not being that bad – an idea which Curt and Steve found unacceptable, due to the great number of deaths associated with this leader. Not having any knowledge about Yuri’s bio-weapons background further added to this weird notion, especially since they had to supply Yuri with â€Å"crazy stuff† like dirt from a cattleyard in Oklahoma and fermenters from a microbrewery in New Jersey. Curt and Steve somehow wanted to get some proof that Yuri’s claims were legitimate and that he really knew something about bio-weapons. And then again, when Yuri tried to contact them at the Fire Department, Yuri was regarded as jeopardizing the security of the operation because he was Russian and both Curt and Steve did not want anybody to know about their possible involvement with a foreigner, which could possibly implicate them with terrorist activities and ruin their plans altogether. 3) Yuri’s disillusionment at the extensively-hyped American dream was the deep-seated bias against foreigners which is predominantly shared by the pure white Americans. It was also wrongly perceived by the people in communist Russia, where the situation is not really that bad, since there is lesser social conflict compared to the situation in the US. After all the hardships that Yuri had gone through just to make it to America, his expectations of freedom, riches and a good life were all shattered because in the US, he had to work for 12-14 hours daily just to survive. What’s more, he even had to become a victim to either the criminals in Washington, or the tax collectors in the government. Yuri had already come to a point where he already wanted to give up on his life in the US and go back to Russia, hence his cynicism directed at the Americans, and his resolve to use his knowledge to exact his revenge. On the other hand, Curt and Steve had their own share of negative experiences with the US government having both been part of the military. Curt became the leader of an elite Marine reconnaissance team wherein a recruit died, and upon inquiry, Curt was held responsible for the blame, thereby precluding any further opportunities for advancement in his career. Thus, Curt opted out. Similarly, Steve’s application as part of the Green Beret was lengthy and frustrating but he finally landed the post. However, within the 21-day assessment process, Steve came down with the flu and had to give up his training. Upon returning, Steve was informed that he had to go through the same grueling procedure from the beginning, leading to Steve’s disgust and final decision to give up his military career. Curt and Steve felt that they were shortchanged for their efforts since they merely wanted to serve their country, and yet they were rejected and not given the credence they thought they deserved. 4) Yuri was important to Curt and Steve because Yuri was knowledgeable in bio-weapons, having been a former laboratory technician working in biochemical labs in Russia and Siberia. Yuri is instrumental to creating the weapons that they were planning to use in bringing to fruition their plans of actualizing Operation Wolverine. Yuri worked for two years at the Sverdlovsk pharmaceutical plant, and Yuri knew that it was not really a factory for medicines but a KGB cover for the massive Soviet bio-weapons program. The factory where Yuri worked was called Compound 19, and he was tasked to do cleaning jobs of the inner biocontainment core. This was where Yuri was working when the accident occurred where Yuri unintentionally released anthrax spores into the atmosphere and killed hundreds of people, including his own mother Nadya. Yuri was pointed to as the scapegoat for this disastrous occurrence and Yuri suffered much, but had to be held in military stockade for a while. After that, he was sent to Siberia, and Yuri had the opportunity to work in another biochemical facility called Vector, where he specialized in improving Botulinum toxin and weaponized Anthrax. His brother Yegor was not affected by the anthrax, but he was not allowed to visit Yuri either in the military stockade or in Siberia. Later on, after he graduated, Yegor signed up for the military and became one of the first casualties in Afghanistan. 5) The People’s Aryan Army or PAA is a group which was spearheaded by Curt Rogers. It is a group which is based in New York, and its members are mostly skinheads, who do the dirty work for the group leaders. The group head/s capitalize on the hatred and violent nature of their recruits and were bound by a common denominator of hatred for the Americans. The PAA provided the manpower for the accomplishment of the group’s mission, while Yuri provided the biochemical weapons. Basically, the group’s dedicated mission was to destabilize the government and get back at the system which somehow worked against them and hurt their chances at establishing a better future for themselves. Curt recruited members with the same inclinations and leanings a trait which Yuri also demonstrated hence, they used each other for their mutual benefit and advancement of interests. 6) The first casualty is of course Jason Papparis, the owner of the Corinthian Rug Company who is significant being the novel’s first anthrax victim. He is important because his case triggered interest in bio-weapons and its use in the US. Another casualty is Connie, the wife of Yuri, whose case added color to the otherwise drab and monotonous routine of the medical examiners. Hers was initially called a case of asthma and respiratory illness, but later on was discovered to be a case of poisoning through botulism toxin, another bio-weapon. Nadya, the mother of Yuri, was also a casualty in this novel, when she also became an anthrax victim because of the unintentional spread of the toxin when the factory’s filters were opened, causing the spread of the anthrax spores to the environment. Yegor, Yuri’s brother was also another casualty after having gone to war without his mother, and his brother detained without any visiting rights. His role is significant because he adds to the melodrama in the life of Yuri, after losing his job, his mother, his freedom, and then his brother. Lastly, the policeman who was run down by Curt while they were taking the sprayer truck which Yuri requested is also another casualty in this novel, who is also significant since his appearance on the scene and how he was quickly eliminated illustrates how inhuman the PAA group can be. 7) Operation Wolverine is the PAA’s plan of calling the attention of the world to their cause. This operation was meant to create panic, chaos and death to a large segment of the US population. With the use of the anthrax virus which Yuri was tasked to create in his basement laboratory, the plan was to put the anthrax powder into the airconditioning system of the Jacob Javitz Federal Building which is a government agency, thereby poisoning its occupants as well as its immediate neighborhood. There was also a plan to spray the anthrax powder by means of a sprayer truck at the Central Park so that a greater number of the masses will be affected and not merely the government employees. By resorting to these plans of action, each member would somehow be able to get a dose of his revenge at the negative manner by which the US has maltreated them as individuals. Ideally, this is the scenario which Curt and his group wanted to happen but the circumstances changed especially when Curt decided to shoot Yuri on his forehead which only set off what Yuri had already forethought. 8) Curt and Steve conducted a fake inspection of the Jacob Javits Federal Building because they wanted to check the access points and the manner by which they could carry out the plan they outlined for Operation Wolverine. Curt managed to come up with an alibi based on an violation which happened during the last fire inspection of the same building. Upon seeing that the violation was already corrected, Curt manipulated the situation further so that the building’s electrician would allow them to check the HVAC system, the main control console and the main air induction mechanisms in the building. Everything was shown to them with the building assistant not having a slightest idea that he was already being an accessory to setting up the final stages of a terrorist plot. HVAC stands for Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning System and its main purpose is â€Å"to help maintain good indoor air quality through adequate ventilation with filtration and provide thermal comfort† (US Environmental Protection Agency). The HVAC sucks in fresh outdoor air into the building, and also disposes the stale air outside so that a good quality and supply of air circulates throughout the building. Without it, working or staying in a building for a long time will not be possible because of lack of air.

Examining Of The Book Of Philemon Religion Essay

Examining Of The Book Of Philemon Religion Essay -The book of Philemon is about a personal appeal to a prosperous Christian slave owner to receive his slave back as a brother in Christ. The first clear example of slavery is in Exodus 1:13 where the Israelites were made to work ruthlessly as slaves and their cry for rescue came up to God in Exodus 2:23-24. The kind of slavery the Israelites were subjected to in Egypt was clearly unacceptable to God, judging by their rescue and the regulations regarding slavery in the Mosaic Law. Meager (2006) The Mosaic Law was very clear on slavery. An Israelite could not enslave another Israelite. Also anyone who became a slave by making a pact or entering into an arrangement with another Israelite was to be treated without harshness and freed in the year of Jubilee. However, a foreigner may be held as a permanent, non-Israelite slave and may be treated harshly. (Leviticus 25:25-55) Philemon was written during one of Pauls imprisonments around A.D. 60-61 during a time when slavery was acceptable from a financial and community standpoint in the Roman world. Slaves were seen as their masters property and they had no rights. However, the experience of slaves varied depending on their master and the work assigned to them. Some slaves were made to work hard and could be disciplined ruthlessly for minor mistakes, while others placed in large villas could have little work to do and were well looked after. Meager (2006) The Bible does not condemn slavery, nor did Paul. The Christian church simply views the relationship between master and slave in a different light. They saw them as both equal before God and both accountable for their behavior. The master was no longer over the slave but in a place of equality within the church. God sees us without status and His grace transforms us into a worthy individual in society. This does not mean a slave was to go free either, but to honor Christ in the service that he was doing for his master. Paul addresses Philemon as a friend and one who does the work of Christ. Paul lifts up Philemon about the work he has been doing with the church. He takes a bold approach because he knows Philemons character. Paul asks for Philemon to receive Onesimus back as he would Paul into his home. He asks this of Philemon based on Pauls love for Onesimus and Philemons love for Paul. Love is the motivation. Paul has taken on the role of father, just as God desires to take on that same father-child relationship with us. The status of the slave as a Christian based on the information so far gives us an identity crisis to a certain extent. Who are we once we accept Jesus into our lives? Are we still a slave? The word slaves is the rendering of a Greek word meaning bodies. The Hebrew and Greek words for slave are usually rendered simply servant, bondman, and bondservant. (Dictionary.com) If we point out a relationship between slave and servant we can say that we are the first of those in the flesh and the other in Christ. The slave is the old status and the servant is the new place within the body of Christ. Philemon has already experienced this transformation due to Pauls leading him into salvation. The fact that Paul also led Onesimus to this place is why he can come to Philemon in this manner. It is Pauls desire for there to be reconciliation between Philemon and Onesimus; the slave owner and the slave. Paul is assured that through this letter he will be able to convince Philemon to do what is right. He believes that Philemons faith and love in Christ will help him re-establish a new found relationship with Onesimus. This is where the identity crisis for the slave owner comes in. How does he treat others, or the slave, in order to be effective in his faith? God has done so much for Philemon to bring him to place of status within the church. Because Philemon has shared the gospel with others he has been effective in his ministry. Now that Paul has converted Onesimus he desires to keep the relationship with him. But he wants Philemons consent to utilize this new brother in Christ for the ministry. Onesimus became profitable to Paul at the time of his conversion; living up to the meaning of his name. Paul appeals to Philemon based on the service he himself has done within the ministry. Paul does not force the deed, but is hopeful that he will agree to the service of his own volition. To truly be a follower of Jesus you are to be humble; offering yourself in the spirit of submission, trusting and teachable; willing to learn. In Luke 22:25-27 Jesus shares with His disciples that the greatest is the servant of all. Service is to be done without expecting reward. There seems to be a deliberate outside influence in the slaves departure from Rome. God used the situation for His purpose. Onesimus wrong doing towards Philemon lead him to Paul and his salvation. The slave is forgiven and brought into the family of Christ. We all fall short in our daily lives and it is our sin that brings us to a place with Christ that allows us to be saved. Paul lays a foundation for the elimination of slavery. He is asking Philemon to receive Onesimus back, not as a slave but as a beloved brother. If a slave owner and slave come together as brothers in Christ then their relationship would be a true transformation. Paul promises restitution towards Philemon. Anything that Onesimus might have stolen from Philemon will be given back to him. He suggests to Philemon to charge the debt to my account. Paul will pay the price for his child. God gave His son, a man without sin, to pay the price. When we become a Christian Jesus takes on that debt. We charge everything to His account. His death and resurrection are how He showed us that He loved us. The ultimate price was paid for our freedom. This letter is a demonstration of the power of Christ to bring healing to those that are broken. It is also a personal reunion between Philemon and Onesimus arranged by Paul. Comparable to their reunion is that of Christ and the runaway sinner. It portrays a restoration of two followers who were earlier separated. It is only with Christs example of forgiveness that we are able to overcome mistakes and be reconciled to our brothers and sisters. Pauls character is that of love, wisdom, gentleness, and above all Christian and human maturity. Guzik (2007) He starts his plea to Philemon by having a letter delivered by Onesimus himself. And in that letter he asks Philemon to change his heart towards the man who was once a slave and is now a brother in Christ. Philemon reads this document from Paul as the runaway slave stands in his presence. Paul indicates his confidence in verse 21 that Philemon will not only obey but go beyond simple obedience.

Adolescence Development Essay -- Adolescent Behavior

Adolescence is a period of physical and psychological development from the onset of puberty to maturity. The adolescent is no longer a child, but they haven’t yet reached adulthood. Adolescence is considered people between the ages of 13 and 21. Puberty is the physical maturing that makes an individual capable of sexual reproduction. Puberty is important to adolescence because when a child hits puberty, that’s when the child is becoming an adolescent. Puberty is a big part of an adolescent’s life. Adolescence is not cultural universal. In some societies, young children go straight from childhood to the adult life once they have done the necessary puberty rites. Puberty rites are formal ceremonies that mark the entrance of young people into the adult life. People at the age of 13 to 14 that completed these puberty rites can become accepted into the adult society. Three factors are important in the development of adolescence as a distinct stage of the life cycle. The first factor is education. Young children are required to spend many years in school and state laws make education mandatory up to the age of 16. The second factor that separates young people in a different type of group is the exclusion of youth from the labor force. In many states, child labor laws keep people from going to the labor force until they hit the age of 16. Adolescents usually work part time while still going to school. The third factor is the rise of adolescence as a distinct stage of the ...

Components of Open Marriage & Polyamory and the Ethics Thereof Essay

In America, the values of monogamous, heterosexual marriage are drilled into the fabric of the society – so much so that the prospect of any other setup becomes virtually unthinkable. However, in an ever-evolving semiosphere, these other setups are emerging from their hiding place in order to find a forefront spot in contemporary culture and establish themselves as legitimate lifestyles. Education and understanding become paramount as new ideas and formations appear, necessitating tolerance and even acceptance. One of these new formations is what’s known as an â€Å"open marriage,† in which one or both members of a dichotomous marriage seek sexual satisfaction through extraneous partners. Anyone who has ever truly invested their emotions in a relationship might look at this setup with a skeptical, even disgusted eye, and wonder how the marriage could last when sexual exclusivity is not maintained, but regardless, an estimated 6% of married couples are involved in open marriages and are perfectly content to be. â€Å"While many of today's adherents are aging swingers from the old school, a new generation - well organized and committed to legitimizing a lifestyle -- continues to push traditional notions of marital fidelity by having sex with people other than their spouses† (Goldman). A second lifestyle is called â€Å"polyamory,† meaning â€Å"many loves†. In these relationships, one or more members will â€Å"jointly date† and establish emotional connections with other people. Their original lover is called their â€Å"primary,† while everyone else is considered â€Å"secondary†. Polys – as participants are sometimes called – seek to experiment with human’s seemingly endless capacity for love and pursue deeper forms of self-discovery. Originally, marriage ex... ...nd Koray Tanfer, comps. Journal of Marriage and the Family: Sexual Exclusivity Among Dating, Cohabiting, and Married Women. Brigham Young University, Battelle Memorial Institute. 10 May 2008 Betsworth, Roger G. Social Ethics: an Examination of American Moral Traditions. 1st ed. Westminster John Knox P, 1990. 99-103. Goldman, Russell. "Are Open Marriages More Successful?" ABC News. 10 Aug. 2007. 07 May 2008 . Hesse, Monica. "Pairs with Spares." Washington Post. 13 Feb. 2008. 07 May 2008 . O'Neill, Nena, and George O'Neill. Open Marriage: a New Life Style for Couples. Avon Books / the Hearst Corporation, 1973.

Problem Behavior Syndrome Essay

Problem Behavior Syndrome (PBS) are a number of antisocial behaviors that cluster together which may include family dysfunction, substance abuse, smoking, educational underachievement, suicidal thoughts/attempts, unemployment and even crime. (Siegel, 2011) There is one person that comes to mind that has a criminal record and also possesses numerous antisocial behaviors listed in the text. That person, sadly, is my ex boyfriend/ baby’s father, Jonathon. He is only 27 years old and already has two strikes against him. The antisocial behaviors that pertain to him are: family dysfunction, smoking, substance abuse, unemployment, and educational underachievement. I personally believe his mother is to blame for that. She’s a lazy, unemployed alcoholic and possibly bipolar. She picks fights with him whenever possible and has even gotten him arrested once or twice. She is and most likely never was a positive role model for Jon. Maybe it has to do with his father never being around. Who knows? He had gotten a chick pregnant while he was only 15 or so. I have met that kid and the mother; I feel she is already heading down the road he went. That is exactly why I will not let him be in my daughter’s life. I don’t want her to be like him in any way. I am not sure how or who introduced him to drugs but that is his biggest downfall. Drugs (crystal meth) are why he’s been arrested. That fact that he smoked it as well didn’t make things better. He has never harmed anyone or robbed anything either so thank god for that. Since he has a record, it’s very hard for him to find a decent job. But the fact that he is trying to turn his life around and make something of himself, is what makes me know for a fact that he won’t become another PBS statistic.

Styles of Learning

Introduction: There are many different styles of learning, but only three of these styles are most commonly used in school settings; auditory, visual, and a combination of the two. Auditory learners are typically good listeners who are able to pick things up when they hear them and benefit from hearing lectures, brainstorming, and participating in discussions. They are great at listening and picking up on the tone/inflection in which things are said, hearing what others simply may not. Many times, these are participants who talk through projects with you and desire verbal input. They think best outloud and can typically follow oral directions. Written information may have little appeal to them, so they may read it outloud to digest it fully (Weichel, 2016). Visual learners have a keen eye and are taking it all in. Observation and note-taking are their strengths; however, those notes may be in pictures, diagrams, or words, depending on their preferences. They may position themselves in the room so they can focus and avoid distractions. They benefit from visualization exercises, watching videos, written instructions, maps, diagrams, silent reading, and flowcharts. Many enjoy reading and are able to process the words and recall what they have seen (Weichel, 2016). Short-term memory is the second stage of the multi-store memory model proposed by the Atkinson-Shiffrin (McLeod, 2009). It acts as a kind of â€Å"scratch-pad† for temporary recall of the information which is being processed at any point in time (Mastin, 2018). Short-term memory has three key-aspects; limited capacity, limited duration, and encoding. For limited capacity, only about seven items can be stored at a time. The magic number seven (plus or minus two) provides evidence for the capacity of short term memory. Most adults can store between 5 and 9 items in their short-term memory. This idea was put forward by Miller (1956) and he called it ‘the magic number seven'. He thought that short term memory could hold seven (plus or minus two) items because it had only a certain number of â€Å"slots† in which those items could be stored. However, Miller didn't specify the amount of information that can be held in each slot. Also, if we can â€Å"chunk† information together we can store a lot more information in our short-term memory (McLeod, 2009). For limited duration, storage is very fragile and information can be lost with distraction or passage of time. It is usually assumed that the short-term memory spontaneously decays over time, typically in the region of ten to fifteen seconds, but items may be retained for up to a minute, depending on the content (Mastin, 2018). Items can be kept in short-term memory by repeating them verbally (acoustic encoding), a process known as rehearsal. Peterson and Peterson (1959) showed that the longer the delay, the less information is recalled. The rapid loss of information from memory when rehearsal is prevented is taken as an indication of short-term memory having a limited duration (McLeod, 2009). When several elements (such as digits, words, or pictures) are held in short-term memory simultaneously, they effectively compete with each other for recall. New content, therefore, gradually pushes out older content (known as displacement), unless the older content is actively protected against interference by rehearsal or by directing attention to it. Any outside interference tends to cause disturbances in short-term memory retention, and for this reason people often feel a distinct desire to complete the tasks held in short-term memory as soon as possible. When something in short-term memory is forgotten, it means that a nerve impulse has merely ceased being transmitted through a particular neural network. In general, unless an impulse is reactivated, it stops flowing through a network after just a few seconds (Mastin, 2018). The type or characteristics of the information also affects the number of items which can be retained in short-term memory. For instance, more words can be recalled if they are shorter or more commonly used words, or if they are phonologically similar in sound, or if they are taken from a single semantic category (such as sports, for example) rather than from different categories. There is also some evidence that short-term memory capacity and duration is increased if the words or digits are articulated aloud instead of being read subvocally, in the head (Mastin, 2018). Some researchers (e.g. Eugen Tarnow) have proposed that there is no real distinction between short-term and long-term memory at all, and certainly it is difficult to demarcate a clear boundary between them. However, the evidence of patients with some kinds of anterograde amnesia, and experiments on the way distraction affect the short-term recall of lists, suggest that there are in fact two more or less separate systems (Mastin, 2018). Gender and hormones influence how the human brain develops. Recognizing some of the differences between the male and female brain can help to understand why males and females often have different learning styles and behavioral patterns. The female brain has a higher proportion of gray matter while the male brain has a higher proportion of white matter. Having more gray matter may explain why young women are usually more efficient in processing information, often have stronger verbal skills, and usually excel at juggling several activities (Male and Female Brains Are Not the Same, 2015). Having more white matter appears to help the male brain transfer information throughout the brain. This can enhance young men's spatial skills, such as navigation and and solving math problems. The differences between males and females is principally hormonal, whereby males have dominant androgens while females have more of estrogens than androgens (Does Gender Affect Memory, 2018). Researchers have argued that the difference in these sex hormones is what differentiates memory in humans based on gender. Generally, boys have superior scholastic ability when compared to girls. In terms of academics, boys technically have superior memory. However, girls and females technically have superior short term memory on various issues (Does Gender Affect Memory, 2018). The purpose of this experiment was to determine which of the most common learning modes used in school, auditory learning, visual learning, or a combination of the two modes, was most effective for information retention among males and females. This experiment explores how many words twenty 8-10 year olds can memorize in a short period of time.Results:Procedure:Three tests, a visual test, an auditory test, and a combination test, testing both auditory and visual modes together, were created for twenty 8-10 year olds to be able to read, along with a copy of each test.For the visual test, each 8-10 year old was given a list of 20 words to read over.After reading over the list, the list was taken away, and the child recited how many words he or she remembered.For the auditory test, each 8-10 year old was read another list of 20 words, and then recited how many words he or she remembered. For the combination test, each 8-10 year old was given a list of 20 words to look at while the same words were read to them.All three tests were given to each 8-10 year old, and the order in which the test were administered and which lists of words that were used were changed each time to avoid test, test-practice, or test-fatigue bias.After each test was given, the scores were recorded and averaged, along with separating the males from the females. Tests are located in â€Å"Appendix A†, â€Å"Appendix B†, and â€Å"Appendix C†.Data: The material collected was from twenty 8-10 year olds, ten being male and ten being female. For the visual test, the ten males scored 3, 5, 5, 5, 8, 7, 5, 9, 4, and 4 out of twenty, and averaged 5.5 words. For the auditory test, the ten males scored 3, 6, 5, 4, 6, 7, 6, 8, 6, and 6 out of twenty, and averaged 5.7 words. For the combination test, the ten males scored 5, 6, 4, 5, 8, 5, 5, 9, 7, and 5 out of twenty, and averaged 5.9 words. For the visual test, the ten females scored 6, 5, 4, 9, 8, 5, 8, 7, 5, and 6 out of twenty, and averaged 6.3 words. For the auditory test, the ten females scored 6, 4, 4, 6, 7, 4, 5, 4, 4, and 4 out of twenty, and averaged 4.8 words. For the combination test, the ten females scored 5, 6, 4, 6, 6, 4, 7, 6, 6, and 4 out of twenty, and averaged 5.4 words. The males averaged 5.7 words per test, and the females averaged 5.5 words per test. Table 1: Boys' Scores on the Visual, Auditory, and Combination Tests (Out of 20)Visual TestAuditory TestCombination Test335566554545868775565989467465Average: 5.5Average: 5.7Average: 5.9Table 2: Girls' Scores on the Visual, Auditory, and Combination Tests (Out of 20)Visual TestAuditory TestCombination Test665546444966876544857746546644Average: 6.3Average: 4.8Average: 5.4Graph 1: Girls' Scores on the Visual Test (Out of 20) Graph 2: Girls' Scores on the Auditory Test (Out of 20)Graph 3: Girls' Scores on the Combination Test (Out of 20)Graph 4: Boys' Scores on the Visual Test (Out of 20)Graph 5: Boys' Scores on the Auditory Test (Out of 20)Graph 6: Boys' Scores on the Combination Test (Out of 20)Graph 7: Boys' Average Scores on All Three Tests (Out of 20)Graph 8: Girls' Average Scores on All Three Tests (Out of 20)Discussion: In this experiment, ten 8-10 year old boys and ten 8-10 year old girls were given three tests, a visual test, an auditory test, and a combination (auditory and visual combined) test, and asked to recite how many words they remembered from each test. The predicted results of the experiment were that the girls would remember more words than the boys because girls generally have a superior short-term memory than boys (Does Gender Affect Memory, 2018). The results to the experiment proved otherwise; boys averaged a score of 5.7 words overall, and the girls averaged a score of 5.5 words overall. The actual results may have differed from the predicted results because the girls were tested in the hall where many other children were walking in and out of rooms, causing the girls to lose focus on the experiment. They may have not been able to focus on reading the visual test or following along on the combination test. They may have also not been able to hear the auditory test or the combination test as it was read to them. The boys may have experienced less interruptions when being tested, allowing them to obtain higher scores. The words on the lists may have also been more appealing for 8-10 year old boys, than for 8-10 year old girls. Although girls generally have a superior short-term memory compared to boys, this experiment may have proved that boys can have a superior short-term memory compared to girls. Research by many psychologists has shown that the female gender manages to organize their memory in a united style while, on the other hand, the male gender organizes their memory in a truly distinguished style (Does Gender Affect Memory, 2018). Differences in memory among males and females are diverse based on various situations and circumstances (Does Gender Affect Memory, 2018). The ten 8-10 year old boys involved in this experiment may have proved that boys have a better short-term memory when given three short tests. Since the boys scored the highest on the combination test, they might also be superior in auditory and visual learning rather than the girls.This experiment tested the short-term memory of both girls and boys when it comes to short lists of words. It proved that boys may sometimes prove superior to girls in certain circumstances, and that boys aren't primarily auditory or visual learners, but the ones experimented on are a combination of the two. Although the female brain matures faster than the male brain, this experiment concluded that girls may not always have a superior short-term memory to boys (Does Gender Affect Memory, 2018). ReferencesDoes Gender Affect Memory Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays – 1000 words. (2018).Retrieved April 29, 2018, from https://studentshare.net/psychology/63811-does-gender-affect-memoryMale and Female Brains Are Not the Same. (2015). Retrieved April 29, 2018, from http://www.multiplyingconnections.org/become-trauma-informed/male-and-female-brains-are-not-sameMastin, L. (2018).Short Term (Working) Memory. Retrieved April 29, 2018, from http://www.human-memory.net/types_short.htmlMcLeod, S. (1970, January 01). Saul McLeod. Retrieved April 29, 2018, from https://www.simplypsychology.org/short-term-memory.htmlWeichel, J. (2016, August 19).What's their learning style? Part 3: Visual learners. Retrieved April 29, 2018, from http://msue.anr.msu.edu/news/whats_their_learning_style_part_3_visual_learners AppendixA Airplanes Balloon Candy Doughnuts Fireworks Glitter Harmonicas Ice cream Jumping Karate Legos Macaroni Nachos Ocean Pirates Rainbows Shark Toys Unic orns WaffleAppendixB Astronaut Bacon Cakes Disney Elephants Fire trucks Gorilla Halloween Insects Jelly bean Kite Lollipops Marshmallow Narwhals Parrot Rabbits Sea horse Texting Volcano WatermelonAppendixC Aquariums Basketball Cheeseburger Dolphin Easter Frogs Ghost Hamsters Ice skating Juggling Ladybugs Magic Naps Pizza Robots Sea turtle Trampoline Whales Zombies Waves

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The Impact of Increased Domestic Abuse Rates INRODUCTION 1.1Background of study According to the United Nations secretary, the general Ban Ki – Moon (2008) highlighted: one universal truth which always prevails in all countries, cultures and communities is that violence against women has never been accepted, will never be excusable and in any circumstance will be tolerated. Violence against women is an international concern since it is a national phenomenon that influences women of all races, ages, religions and economic statues. Every year as a result of violence, more than one million people lose their lives and many suffer from non- fatal injuries which are mostly women kids. Moreover, it is a huge expense for the economy since it erodes billions of US dollars worldwide mainly in health care expenditure and much more in national economies in terms of workforce absenteeism, new law enforcement or even loss investment. In 2012 there was an estimation of 475 000 deaths which was recorded as a result of homicide. Furthermore 1 in five women have been sexually abused when she was a child and 1 in 3 women have been victims of either physical or sexual violence by their intimate partner at some point in their lifetime. According to the late Nelson Mandela in the health organization in (2002:12) which emphasize in the world report on violence and Health that: ‘Many who live with the violence day in and day out presume that it is an innate part of the human state’ Brutality against women is a violation of the human dignity, the right to life and considered as an extreme inequality towards the women. According the world Health organization, 2004 in Europe North America nearly 3.9 men die from suicide for every 1 women they killed and in Asia the sex ratio are about 1.1. Unfortunately Mauritius, our small paradise is not to be left, the figure is even higher here where 1 women out of 4 are been battered. Between January to September, in 2013 nearly 1376 cases of violence against women were reported even though the ministry of gender equality had already allocated 12.8 million (320, 000 Euros) to combat against intimate partner violence declared by the Defi Quotidian. The Family Violence Prevention fund (2008) with the American Association of University Women announces that more than 1,200 women are been killed every year by their husbands or boyfriends. Violence is associated with health problems and it affect the person in all dimension, physical, sexual, mental. In UK it affects both the child and the mother’s health which often result in maternal mortality. In addition to it, 70 out of 295 women in UK (24%) died during their pregnancy or within 6 weeks they given birth and 19 of them were murdered according to the review saving lives: Maternal deaths to make motherhood safer in 2003. Last but not the least, 30 to 66% of the same abusive offender exploits both the mother and the child. In India, they used to beat their wife and death caused by means of fire was very common that is women were been douse with kerosene and then it was claim that she died as a kitchen accident. Public officials in 1980’s reveal that women who were mostly aged between 15 to 44 in Bombay or other urban areas of the Maharashtra where 1 out of 5 women were associated to accidental burns[S1].(world Report on violence and health, 2002) According to Durkheim (1800); Kushner, Sterk et al., (2005) which is disclose in Davis et al., (2011) research uncover that women were less expose to violence when they were residing in the protective domestic sphere, however it was when they started to undertake non traditional roles, according to Levinson (1999) that is been engaged more in the men’s role which lead them been more susceptible to violence. However, women are now emerging greatly in the world of business, thus they have a more independent lifestyle compared with their partner whereas some time back they were heavily depending on their partner causing them been more vulnerable to abuse and victimization. Culture depicts norms that women need to respect his husband thus if the women made a mistake at any level, the partner had the right to punish her. An Anon Pakistan (n.d) notes were publish that beating a woman is to chastise or to discipline her as it was culturally and religiously justified because men are t he owners of their wives and it is very much necessary to show them who is the boss so that the future transgressions are discourage[S2]d. The gender based violence is rooted in gender inequality, characterized by unequal power relation and the social structures are like factories which yields it to the society. The concept of masculinity has been integrated since civilization which is the main entrance for violence. The media also plays an important role in the sexualisation of women, portraying a negative image of the women to the society. Religion engage in the production of discrimination violence against the women, the speech, scared text and their meaning , the practice of exclusion and the sexist un equality in church for instance contribute to maintain violence against women Stroher 2009, p.101 mention in Krob and Steffen article in 2015. Authorities’ responses are crucial to domestic violence calls. However police officers are often reluctant to intervene, often performing their job in a leisurely manner in serious cases and most surprisingly they side with the offenders than been with the victims. Parnas 1967 and Browne 1995 disclose that police hesitation to deal officially with domestic assaults is due to insufficient law enforcement in response to this major concern. Rather than been part of the solution they been increasing the problem. The police officers categorized simple assaults as been of low importance thus the victim will have to wait for the officer’s availability or seek assistance with other agencies from Buzawa 1993 and Buzawa 1996. According to Waaland and Keeley in (1985) Â ½ of a sample of the survey they conducted indicated that the police officers did not give any arrest in cases of illegal assault. Thus it is been added to the debate of addressing violence against women and the intervention strategies of the officers 1.2 Problem statement According to the domestic violence Homicide Report (2003); the human death toll is grossly underestimated. In 2001, intimate partner violence against women account for 20% of all non fatal violence that is 600,000 crimes overall. (Matthews, 2004) In spite of women’s emancipation in the modern society, through its equal contribution at home and in society, we still perceive[S3] that women are been treated unequal to their husband or to other man in various settings. Domestic violence influence the women’s ability to participate in the world where they are unable to take care of their children due to various health problems that they experienced and pursue job careers normally. The government lost billions of money each year because of the enormous burden that violence leaves on the society. Mathews (2004), reveal that medical expenses from domestic violence range from $3 to $5 each year and this excludes the $100 million which are been lost by businesses from sick depart ure, lost salary, non productivity. No action is without meaning, Mahmood, 2001 stated that a women which is making use of a veil might be viewed in certain contexts as an oppression whereas in another might be a women’s resistance. Domestic violence also sends messages to the women that you must not breach this barrier. According to the European Parliament, 2006 violence is an exhibition of the historical unequal power relations between men and women leading to domination over and discrimination against the women by men preventing women’s full advancement. For example, the concept of the male honor is associated with purity of the women, if the women was raped or have sexual intercourse voluntarily outside marriage thus she was disgrace by the family. A study was conducted in Egypt where 47% of women were been killed by their relative after been raped. Women are unable to protect them from unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. We note that the situation have become beyond control intern ationally. Children who witnessed violence have many health problems like behavioural, anxiety, depression and poor school performance. In North America, children who witness violence exhibit antisocial behavior due to psychological disturbances. Moreover, a research in Leon and Nicaragua (2013) shows those children of abuse women were 6 times more likely to die at age of 5. Children are dearly affected, 3207 cases of child abuse reported to the women’s Aid national Free phone Helpline (2013) and based on the women’s aid annual report (2013) 1,204 children were present at home during intimate partner violence. Unfortunately most of the authorities techniques are far of been protecting the victim. Ferraro (1989) disclose that despite having serious policies only 18 % of offenders are been arrested, they often very lenient in domestic violence incident by Eigenberg et al. However, it is far to be a simple issue, fault in the system is indeed contributing in the nurture of domestic violence where it create a need to address this issue. 1.3 Aim and objectives of the study The purpose of the study is to analyze the consequences of an increasing rate of domestic violence on the women and the responsiveness of the police authorities towards this major concern. The study will mainly focus on the impact that domestic violence have upon women kids, the forms of violence, sources, causes and how the authorities response to this alarming social phenomenon accordingly. Therefore, it will be interesting to know till what extent a women is been victimized in the 20th century. The objectives of this research are as follows: An insight of the different forms of domestic violence To disclose the voice of the stigmatized To investigate the effectiveness of the intervention strategies of the authorities upon violence To locate solutions to combat against domestic violence 1.4 Research Questions What are the forms of domestic violence and how does it impact women? What is the consequence of domestic violence upon the women? Are authorities’ intervention techniques effective in response to violence? What are the reasons for difficulty in combating against domestic violence? 1.5 Outline of the study Chapter 1: introduce the subject matter under study, how violence greatly influences the women, children and society and the response of the authorities towards this issue. The problem statement give a more in depth description how domestic violence has an impact on women, children and drawbacks of the police strategies. The aim and objectives and a brief picture of each chapter accordingly. Chapter 2: literature review Chapter 3: Methodology Chapter 4: Results and Discussions Chapter 5: Recommendations and conclusions REFERNCES World Health Organization (2013) Global and regional estimates of violence against women: prevalence and health effects of intimate partner violence and non- partner sexual violence. Switzerland: WHO publications. World Health Organization (2002) World report on Violence and Health. Geneva: WHO publications. World Health organization (2014) Global status report on violence prevention. Switzerland: WHO publications. European Union Agency for Fundamental Right (2014) Violence against women an EU –wide survey. Europe. Publications Office of the European Union. Devries k, watts C, Yoshihama M, Kiss L, Schreiber L.B, Deyessa N, Heise L, Durand J, Mbwambo J, Jansen H, Berhane Y ,Ellsberg M. and Moreno C.G. (2011). ‘Violence against women is strongly associated with suicide attempts: Evidence from the WHO multi –country study on women’s health and domestic violence against women’, Journal of social science and medicine, Vol. 73, pp. 79-86. Indian Ocean Times. (2013). Mauritius: 1,376 domestic violence cases recorded between January and September 2013, from: en.indian-ocean-times.com [accessed on the 12 April 2015 British High Commission Mauritius. (2015). Help and support available for victims of domestic violence in Mauritius from: www.gov.uk [ accessed on 12 April 2015] Women’s Aid. (2015). National and international statistics from: www.womensaid.ie [accessed on 12 April 2015] Council of Europe (2014) PREVENTING VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN: ARTICLE 12 OF THE ISTANBUL CONVENTION A collection of papers on the council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence. Europe: Council of Europe publications ([emailprotected]). Krob D.B and Steffen L. (2015). ‘Religious influence on education and culture: Violence against women as common sense’, Journal of Social and Behavioral sciences, Vol. 174, pp. 2374 -2379. Peter G; Sinder B and Stephens J. (1999), ‘Police perceptions of domestic violence: the nexus of victim, perpetrator, event, self and law policing,’ International journal of police strategies management, Vol.22 Iss 3, pp. 313-327. Chhikara P, Jakhar J, Malik A, Singla K and Dhattarwal S.K. (2013), ‘Domestic Violence: The Dark Truth of our Society’, Journal of Indian Academic Forensic Medicine, Vol.35 (1), pp. 0971-0973. Davis, R.L. (2010), ‘Domestic violence related deaths’, Journal of Aggression ,conflict and Peace Research, Vol. 2, Iss 2. Davis, D.M. (2013). Rehabilitation Counseling Master’s Students: Beliefs and Attitudes about Domestic Violence toward Women. Published PhD dissertation. Lowa: University of Lowa, 167 pages. Grovert, A.J. (2008). Domestic violence against women: A literature Review. Published Masters Literature review. Forest Grove: Pacific University, 41 pages. Rojas, L.D.A. (2010). Men and Domestic violence/Partner Violence in Santiago, Chile: the meaning of violence in masculinity. Published Master Dissertation. Gothenburg: Gothenburg University, 76 pages. 1 [S1]Source? [S2]discouraged [S3]percieve